Bîsînên Bûnyanî yên Tûrbinê ya Gavê

Birra Pêşdînên Lopka Bârîn

Tower ya Lopka Bârîn

Tower dike nav bûyî ye ji bo lopka bârîn. Tower dibe û her pirsiya din jî hewlê bike. Naxwekî wekî kêm, tower dibe li ser rûbûna lopka bârîn û li ser rûbûna wê hev bike. Li vir ên, me hewce ne ku tower bi balî de were bikin, ta heta ku beşîk da li ser rûbûna lopka bârîn bibe. Balî ya tower derbarê tevahiyên destpêkê ya lopka bârîn e. Toweran ya lopka bârîn di şarana werçînên bârîn de derbarê 40 metr tay 100 metr re çend e. Toweran dikarin tuwerên sifîl, tuwerên qeytêl an tuwerên beton bin. Tuwerên sifîl bikaranîn di lopka bârînên mezin de. Wan tuwerên sifîl dikarin bi rûbûn 30 tay 40 metr bigirin.Her pîvan de flanges û zevîyan heye. Pîvanan dikarin bi nut û bolt û re were xebitandin. Towera tamam li ser formê konik e, ta heta ku stabilitیتی مکانیکی بهتر بده. Tower qeytêl bi anjakên fırça, GI angles, an tubes were xebitandin. Anjakên wan bi bolt û weld û re were xebitandin. Costê toweran qeytêl zêde hatiye nêze tuwerên sifîl, lê ew estetikiyekî nêze yekîne. Transportation, xebitandin, û perhemanî çêtir e, lê li gor estetikiyekî, tower qeytêl di plantên modern de were rad kirin. Divêre tower ek bi polek û guy wires were xebitandin. Guyed pole tower ek bi polek û guy wires were xebitandin. Li gor numbers ên guy wires, gihistina footing area ya towerê çêtir e. Li gor ên, ew type ya tower di fielda tarîm de were rad kirin.

Divêre type ya tower ya lopka bârîn bikaranîn di plantên mezin de, û ew hybrid type tower e. Hybrid type tower ek bi polek û guy wires were xebitandin, lê tenê ferqek e ku li ser polek central ek tuwerên qeytêl mezin bikaranîn. Hybrid type tower ek hybrid e tuwerên qeytêl û guyed pole tower.

Nacelle ya Lopka Bârîn

Nacelle ek box mezin e û li towerê were xebitandin. Nacelle dikare generator elektrîk, converter, gearbox, controller, cables, yaw drive û.

Blades ya Rotor ya Lopka Bârîn

Blades dike nav bûyî ye ji bo lopka bârîn. Blades energya bârînê li ser mechanical energya bikin. Di demê de ku bârîn li blades de were çalakkirin, blades dikarin bişopînin. Bişopîna wê li ser shaft were darav. Blades dikarin bi şablonên wingên airplane were dizayn kirin. Blades ya lopka bârîn dikarin 40 metr tay 90 metr mezin be. Blades dikarin mekanîkî digire be ku dayîn bârînên mezin bibere. Li vir ên, blades dikarin bi fiberglass û carbon fiber layers were xebitandin.

Di lopka bârîn modern de, normalî three identical blades bi hub central were xebitandin. Her identical blade 120o li ser yekê din were xebitandin. Processê wê distributione massê yekîne bike û systemê li ser rotationê smooth bike.

Shaft ya Lopka Bârîn

Shaft directly connected to the hub is a low-speed shaft. When the blades rotate, this shaft spins with the same rpm as the rotating hub. We couple this shaft directly to the electrical generator in case of a low-speed generator. But in most cases, the low-speed main shaft is geared with a high-speed shaft through a gearbox. In this way, the rotor blades transfer its mechanical energy to the shaft which ultimately enters into an electrical generator.

Gearbox

Lopka bârîn ne di speedê mezin de rove, lê di speedê bikur de rove. Lekin most of the electrical generators require high-speed rotation, to generate electricity at a desired voltage level. So there must be some speed multiplication arrangement to achieve the high speed of the generator shaft. The gearbox of the wind turbine does this. Gearbox increases the speed to much higher value. For example, if the gearbox ratio is 1:80 and if the rpm of a low-speed main shaft is 15, the gearbox will increase the speed of generator shaft to 15 × 80 = 1200 rpm.

Generator

Generator ek device elektrîk e ku mechanical energya received from the shaft li ser energya elektrîk bike. Normalî, induction generators bikaranîn di lopka bârîn modern de. Previously, synchronous generators were popular for this purpose. Permanent Magnet DC generator also used in some wind turbines. The speed of the shaft can be made high by using gearbox assembly, but we can not make the shaft speed constant. There may be a fluctuation in shaft speed since it depends on wind speed. So, the speed of the rotor also varies. This variation affects the frequency, voltage of the generated electric power. To, overcome these issues, we normally use an induction generator for the purpose.

Because the induction generator always produces electric power synchronized to the connected grid irrespective of the speed of the rotor. If we use the three-phase synchronous generator, then we first rectify the output power to DC and then convert it to AC of desired voltage and frequency using inverter circuit. Because the alternating power generated by the synchronous generator is not constant in voltage and frequency, rather it varies with speed of the rotor. Because, for the same reason, in some cases, we use a DC generator for the purpose. In these cases, the output DC power from generator inverted to AC of desired voltage and frequency, before feeding it to the grid.

Power Converter

Because wind is not always constant, so electrical potential generated from a generator is not constant, but we need a very stable voltage to feed the grid. A power converter is an electrical device that stabilizes the alternating output voltage transferred to the grid.

Turbine Controller

Turbine controller ek computer (PLC) e ku control the entire turbine. It starts and stops the turbine and runs self diagnostic in case of any error