Tattalin Kwamfuta na Ilimin Karkashin Tattalin Kwamfuta

Karamin Kirki na Kirki

A duk wani abu mai gine-gine na zamani, mahaɗin daɗi yana da muhimmanci sosai. Wannan shine shaida cikin irin da ina iya tabbatar da ita ta hanyar injiniya a zama, tare da adadin daɗi na kadan ya kula tsakanin sai dai inginiya, wanda zai iya tabbatar da ita, amma da waɗanda adadin daɗi? A fanni na kirki, ana yi takawa a kan wurin da muke so in ba da kayayyakin da suka da damar daɗi da maƙasular daɗi. A wannan yanar, masu karfi da dama ga masu karfi da damar daɗi zai kasancewa masu karfi da damar daɗi.

Don in iya deduce karamin kirki da kyau, ya kamata a sanin sauran mutum da ke cewa bayan gwamnatiyar shekarar rike da kuma al'amuran da suke taimaka su. Gwamnatiyar shekarar rike na rike za a faɗa da wasu subheadings, sune:

1. Muhimmiyar Daɗi

2. Semi Muhimmiyar Daɗi

3. Daɗi na Rike

Wadannan suna da muhimmin abubuwa a kan karamin kirki kuma ana dole ne a cikin bayanin da ake buƙata.

Muhimmiyar Daɗi na Kirki

Muhimmiyar daɗi, kamar sunan, ba suka badala ba tare da damar rike ko tare da gidaje rike. Wadannan abubuwan da suka daɗe a nan. Sun haɗa sukanin masu mulkin mulki da kuma fitaccen kasa da ake gina don gidaje.

Semi Muhimmiyar Daɗi na Kirki

Wadannan daɗi suna da muhimmanci a kan damar rike, amma babu al'amuransu a kan adadin energy da rike ya haifar da. Wadannan abubuwan sun haɗa sukanin:

1. Masu karfi da damar daɗi a kan damar rike, transmission da distribution network, buildings da wasu abubuwan da ake gina a kan civil engineering works, etc. Capital cost na rike sun haɗa sukanin masu karfi da damar daɗi a kan damar rike, salaries of engineers and other employees, development and construction of the power station. It also includes cost incurred on account of transportation, labor, etc. to bring the equipment on site and installing the same, all of which are involved for the overall economics of power generation. It is particularly note worthy, that in nuclear stations the capital cost of the station also includes the cost of initial charges of the nuclear fuel minus the salvage value paid at the end of its useful life.

2. It also includes all types of taxes, insurance premiums pain on policies to cover the risk of accidental breakdown.

3. Rent paid for the land being actually used for the construction purpose.

4. The cost due to starting and shutting down of plants are also included in this category, when the power plant operates on one or two shift basis.

Daɗi na Rike na Kirki

Daɗi na rike, ko daɗi na rike, shine wani abu muhimmi a kan karamin kirki saboda an yi da adadin lokaci da rike ta yi aiki ko kuma adadin energy da rike ta haifar da. Wadannan abubuwan sun haɗa sukanin:

1. Cost of the fuel delivered coupled with the fuel handling cost in the plant. Coal is the fuel used in a thermal power plant, and diesel oil in case of a diesel station. In case of a hydro-electric plant there is no fuel cost as water is the free gift of nature. But a hydro-plant requires higher installation cost and their mega Watt output of power generation is also lower compared to the thermal power plants.

2. Wastage of the operational and maintenance stuff and salaries of supervisor staffs engaged in running the plant.

3. In case of a thermal power plant, power generation economics includes the cost of feed water for the boiler, like the cost of water treatment and conditioning.

4. As the amount of wear and tear of the equipment depends on the extent to which the plant is being used, so the lubricating oil cost and repair and maintenance charges of the equipment are also included in the running charges.

So, we can conclude saying, that the total annual charges incurred in the power generation, and the overall power generation economics can be represented by the equation,

1. Where ‘a’ represents the total fixed cost of the plant, and has no relation with the total output of the plant or the number of hours for which the plant is running.

2. ‘b’ represents the semi-fixed cost, which mainly depends on the total output of the plant and not on the number of hours for which the plant is being operated. The unit for ‘b’ is thus ideally chosen to be in k-Watt.

3. ‘c’ essentially represents the running cost of the plant, and depends on the number of hours for which the plant is running to generate a certain mega watt of power. Its unit is given in K-Watt-Hr.

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