
Tukunin tashin zafi shi ne tsarin da ya kunshi jamiyar kafar da na farko don in yi rubuta fari mai gaba a kan mu'amala na farko zuwa fari mai gaba a kan mu'amala na biyu, kamar yadda aka samu wani abu a matsayin karamin fari, ba da amfani da matsala na tukunin fari. Yana cikin tsarin sentsa wanda ya iya bincika tashin zafi a wurin da ke da ita ko a wurin da ake sanar. Ana amfani da tukuna tashin zafi a harkokin masu al'adu, masu gida, masu kasuwanci, da kuma masu ilimi, saboda tsarin, harfi, adadin kadan, da kuma ingantaccen tsari.
Tukunin fari shi ne matsala na rubuta fari mai gaba a kan mu'amala na farko zuwa fari mai gaba a kan mu'amala na biyu, kamar yadda aka samu wani abu a matsayin karamin fari, ba da amfani da matsala na tukunin fari. An samu wannan matsala a shekarar 1821 ta da siyasa mai zaman lafiya na Jermain Thomas Seebeck, wanda ya nufin cewa an yi magnetic field a kan tsakar karamin fari na duka biyu da suka fiye a kan mu'amala na farko zuwa fari mai gaba a kan mu'amala na biyu.
Yana iya bayyana tukunin fari a kan ci gaba da take faruwar da mutum da suka faru a kan karamin fari. Idan an yi karamin fari a kan mu'amala na farko, mutum sun faru faruwa da suka zama tsohon faru da suka zo zuwa mu'amala na biyu. Wannan yana haɗa da fari mai gaba a kan mu'amala na duka biyu, wanda za a iya bincike da ammetar ko ammeter. Ingancin fari yana ciki da tsarin karamin fari da ake amfani da shi da kuma fari mai gaba a kan mu'amala na duka biyu.
Tukunin tashin zafi shi ne tsarin da ya kunshi jamiyar kafar da na farko don in yi rubuta fari mai gaba a kan mu'amala na farko zuwa fari mai gaba a kan mu'amala na biyu. Mu'amala na farko, wanda ake kira mu'amala mai garmi ko mu'amala mai bincike, ana kunshi a wurin da ake son sanar tashin zafi. Mu'amala na biyu, wanda ake kira mu'amala mai ranar ko mu'amala mai takaice, ana kunshi a wurin da ake son tashin zafi da ake sanar, musamman a tashin ranar ko a kan tukanin ranar.
Idan akwai fari mai gaba a kan mu'amala na duka biyu, fari mai gaba yana faru a kan tsarin tukunin tashin zafi saboda tukunin fari. Fari mai gaba yana iya bincike da ammetar ko ammeter da ake kula a kan tsarin. Da amfani da tsarin bincike ko furmu mai haɗa da fari zuwa tashin zafi a kan tsarin tukunin tashin zafi, za a iya kula tashin zafi a mu'amala mai garmi.

Wannan diagram yana nuna haɗin tsarin tukunin tashin zafi:
Wannan video yana bayyana me tukunin tashin zafi ya haɗa da ƙarin bayani:
Akawo duk dukkiya tukunin tashin zafi, kila da dukkiya da ƙarin tsari da amfani. Dukkiya tukunin tashin zafi yana nufin tsarin karamin fari da ake amfani da su. Duk dukkiya mafi yawan tukunin tashin zafi suna kunshi hurufu (kamar K, J, T, E, etc.) kamar yadda aka samu a kan sadarwa masu intanet.
Wannan jaduloli yana nuna wasu duk dukkiya mafi yawan tukunin tashin zafi da ƙarin tsari:
| Dukkiya | Karamin Fari Mai Gaskiya | Karamin Fari Mai Biyu | Karamin Rango | Ingancin Tashin Zafi | Hanyoyi | Zaɓe | Amfani |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | Nickel-chromium (90% Ni, 10% Cr) | Nickel-aluminum (95% Ni, 2% Al, 2% Mn, 1% Si) | Yellow (+), Red (-), Yellow (overall) | -200°C to +1260°C (-328°F to +2300°F) | 41 µV/°C | ±2.2°C (0.75%) | General purpose, wide range, low cost |
| J | Iron (99.5% Fe) | Constantan (55% Cu, 45% Ni) | White (+), Red (-), Black (overall) | -210°C to +750°C (-346°F to +1400°F) | 50 µV/°C | ±2.2°C (0.75%) | Oxidizing atmospheres, limited range |
| T | Copper (99.9% Cu) | Constantan (55% Cu, 45% Ni) | Blue (+), Red (-), Brown (overall) | -200°C to +350°C (-328°F to +662°F) | 43 µV/°C | ±1°C (0.75%) | Low temperatures, oxidizing atmospheres |
| E | Nickel-chromium (90% Ni, 10% Cr) | Constantan (55% Cu, 45% Ni) | Purple (+), Red (-), Purple |
| E | Nickel-chromium (90% Ni, 10% Cr) | Constantan (55% Cu, 45% Ni) | Purple (+), Red (-), Purple (overall) | -200°C to +870°C (-328°F to +1598°F) | 68 µV/°C | ±1.7°C (0.5%) | High accuracy, moderate range, low cost | | N | Nicrosil (84.1% Ni, 14.4% Cr, 1.4% Si, 0.1% Mg) | Nisil (95.5% Ni, 4.4% Si, 0.1% Mg) | Orange (+), Red (-), Orange (overall) | -200°C to +1300°C (-328°F to +2372°F) | 39 µV/°C | ±2.2°C (0.75%) | General purpose, wide range, stable | | S | Platinum-rhodium (90% Pt, 10% Rh) | Platinum (100% Pt) | Black (+), Red (-), Green (overall) | 0°C to +1600°C (+32°F to +2912°F) | 10 µV/°C | ±1.5°C (0.25%) | High temperature, high accuracy, expensive | | R | Platinum-rhodium (87% Pt, 13% Rh) | Platinum (100% Pt) | Black (+), Red (-), Green (overall) | 0°C to +1600°C (+32°F to +2912°F) | 10 µV/°C | ±1.5°C (0.25%) | High temperature, high accuracy, expensive | | B | Platinum-rhodium (70% Pt, 30% Rh) | Platinum-rhodium (94% Pt, 6% Rh) | Gray (+), Red (-), Gray (overall) | +600°C to +1700°C (+1112°F to +3092°F) | 9 µV/°C | ±0.5% of reading above +600°C (+1112°F) | Very high temperature, low sensitivity |