Injiniyar Kontrol: Me ke Nana? (Da Tarihin Ta)

Muhimmiya a Kwalbar Kwamfuta

Kwalbar kwamfuta shine sana'a ta kungiyar da ke yi amfani da hukumomin kwalbar kwamfuta don bincike birnin da za su iya tabbatar da shi a cikin tsarin da ya fi yawa. Saboda haka, idan kwalbar kwamfuta ana karanta a cikin ilimin jirgin saman kwaikwayon a unibasten, amma shine babban abu na biyo-bio.

Malamai a kwalbar kwamfuta suna nuna, binciken, kuma taimakawa masana'oyi da suka dace da inganci mai kama da kananan-kalmar, jirgin saman, kimyayar, kasuwanci, elektronik ko pnuumatik. Saboda haka, kwalbar kwamfuta ke taimaka wa mafi girman abubuwa da suka haɗa da masana'oyi da mutanen adabba. Wadannan abubuwa suna nufin kwalbar kwamfuta.

Kwalbar kwamfuta tana nuna amfani da bayanai don binciken da taimakawa masana'oyi don zama masu yawan darasi, gaskiya, da kuma kalmomi.

Yanayin kwalbar kwamfuta sun hada da yanayin daɗi da yanayin al'adun. A farkon ranar, ana kawo modelin matematiki a tsarin, sannan ana bincika, taimaka, da kuma fitowa. Ana duba matsayin gaskiya, sannan akhiran, ana taimaka.

A yanayin daɗi, ana kawo modelin matematiki a tsarin lokaci, tsarin frequency ko tsarin kompleks. An kawo modelin step response a tsarin lokaci don nuna lokacin da aka fara, % da aka faɗa, k.s. Laplace transforms suke amfani a cikin tsarin frequency don nuna gain open loop, phase margin, bandwidth, k.s. transfer function, Nyquist stability criteria, sampling of data, Nyquist plot, poles and zeros, Bode plots, system delays all come under the umbrella of classical control engineering stream.

Kwalbar kwamfuta na zamani tana nuna amfani da Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems, State space approach, Eigenvalues, and vectors, etc. Idan kafin a kawo wata ordinary differential equations, yanayin na zamani ke kawo equations mai takwasu zuwa first order differential equations kuma a kare da vector method.

Kwalbar kwamfuta automatic suke amfani saboda ba a amfani da kwalbar kwamfuta manual. An sauki variable da aka kawo kwallonsa kuma an kare da value da aka nuna don samun resulta. Daga cewa an amfani da automated systems don kwalbar, cost of energy or power, as well as the cost of the process, will be reduced increasing its quality and productivity.

Tarihin Kwalbar Kwamfuta

Amfani da Kwalbar Kwamfuta automatic yana cewa ana amfani a kan mulkin sadarwa. An bincika da kawo wata water clocks don nuna lokaci daga shekarar 3 BC, da Greeks and Arabs. Amma, kwalbar kwamfuta da ya fara shine Watts Fly ball Governor a shekarar 1788, wanda ya fara Industrial Revolution. An bincika modelin matematiki Governor a shekarar 1868. A shekarar 19th, Leonhard Euler, Pierre Simon Laplace, and Joseph Fourier sun bincika hukumomin matematiki. Kwalbar kwamfuta na biyu shine Al Butz’s Damper Flapper – a thermostat a 1885. Ya kafa kamfanin da aka nuna a hakan Honeywell.

Shekarar 20th yana nufin golden age of control engineering. A cikin wannan lokacin, yanayin daɗi suka bincika a Bell Laboratory by Hendrik Wade Bode and Harry Nyquist. Automatic controllers for steering ships were developed by Minorsky, Russian American Mathematician. He also introduced the concept of Integral and Derivative Control in the 1920s. Meanwhile, the concept of stability was put forward by Nyquist and followed by Evans. The transforms were applied in control systems by Oliver Heaviside. Modern Control Methods were developed after the 1950s by Rudolf Kalman, to overcome the limitation of classical Methods. PLC’s were introduced in 1975.

Abubuwan Kwalbar Kwamfuta

Kwalbar kwamfuta tana da categorization tun daga hukumomin da ake amfani. Abubuwan kwalbar kwamfuta masu muhimmanci sun hada da:

• Kwalbar Kwamfuta Daɗi

• Kwalbar Kwamfuta Na Zamani

• Kwalbar Kwamfuta Robust

• Kwalbar Kwamfuta Optimal

• Kwalbar Kwamfuta Adaptive

• Kwalbar Kwamfuta Nonlinear

• Game Theory

Kwalbar Kwamfuta Daɗi

Masana'oyi suka nuna da ordinary differential equations. A kwalbar kwamfuta daɗi, wadannan equations suka karo zuwa transformed domain. Laplace transform, Fourier transform and z transform are examples. This method is commonly used in Single Input Single Output systems (SISO).

Kwalbar Kwamfuta Na Zamani

A kwalbar kwamfuta na zamani, higher order differential equations suka karo zuwa first order differential equations. Wadannan equations suka kare da vector method. Daga cewa a yi haka, many complications dealt in solving higher order differential equations are solved.

These are applied in Multiple Input Multiple Output systems where analysis in the frequency domain is not possible. Nonlinearities with multiple variables are solved by modern methodology. State space vectors, Eigenvalues, and Eigen Vectors belong to this category. State Variables describe the input, output and system variables.

Kwalbar Kwamfuta Robust

A robust control methodology, an nuna changes in the performance of the system with the change in parameters for optimization. This aids in widening the stability and performance, also in finding alternate solutions. Hence in robust control, the environment, internal inaccuracies, noises, and disturbances are considered to reduce the fault in the system.

Kwalbar Kwamfuta Optimal

A kwalbar kwamfuta optimal, problem is formulated as a mathematical model of the process, physical constraints and performance constraints, to minimize the cost function. Thus optimal control engineering is the most feasible solution for designing a system with minimum cost.

Kwalbar Kwamfuta Adaptive