Duk da dama na calibarwa wajen ƙarin lokaci ta wurin kwalitoci aiki?
Kadaitaccen Kudanci Don Tattauna Masu Iya Kula Wata Mafi Inganci A Cikin Turbin Da Dukarre-Dukarre
Tattaunawa masu iya kula wata mafi inganci a cikin turbin da dukarre-dukarte na gaba daga cikin tattalin kudanci mai zurfi, kamar kudancin kasa, kudancin sana'o'i, kudancin duniya, da kuma abubuwa masu iya kula. Wannan ya bayyana kalmomi na musamman don yin amfani da shi a cikin tattaunawa.
I. Kudancin Kasa Na Biyu
1. DL/T 1228-2023 – Abubuwan Da Za Su Duba Da Kiyasin Mataki Masu Iya Kula Wata Mafi Inganci A Cikin Turbin Da Dukarre-Dukarte
Yadda Yake: Kudancin zai mu karfi a kasashen kasa, an fito kudancin 2013, an samu duka abubuwan da za su duba, tattaunawa, da kuma tattalin mataki.
Abubuwan Da Za Su Duba:
Zama na Tattaunawa: ≤3 shekaru a yanayin al'umma; an tsara zuwa 1–2 shekaru a wurare da kusa (kamar EMI mai kyau, hawa mai kyau/takalma) ko idan kiyasarta jihohin adadin karkashin shi ba ta daidai.
Muhimmancin Tattaunawa: Barazan, karamin, ma'ana, harmoniki (2nd–50th), interharmoniki, flicker, karamin barazan da ba da inganta, barazan da take rage/rage/yanke. Zamantakewa da za su iya kula zai iya da kiyasarta mai fiye da 1/3 darajinsu (misali, amfani da zamantakewa da kiyasarta 0.05-class).
Bayyana Tsarin Mataki: Ya kamata a duba tsari na kula shugaban data, kiyasarta tattalin magana (misali, IEC 61850 compatibility), da kuma kiyasarta kungiyoyin baya.
Amfani: Tattaunawa masu iya kula wata mafi inganci a cikin kudin kasa, kudin kasa, da kudin kasa da ke fara da kasa.
2. GB/T 19862-2016 – Kudancin Abubuwan Da Za Su Duba Masu Iya Kula Wata Mafi Inganci A Cikin Turbin Da Dukarre-Dukarte
Rolin: Kudancin kasa na biyu da ya bayyana abubuwan da za su duba, kamar abubuwan da za su duba, kiyasarta abubuwan da za su duba, da kuma kiyasarta yawan yaki.
Abubuwan Da Za Su Duba:
Kiyasarta Kula: RMS barazan/karamin kiyasarta ≤ ±0.5%, ma'ana kiyasarta ≤ ±0.01 Hz, harmoniki mai girma kiyasarta ≤ ±2% (A-class devices).
Tattaunawa: "Standard Source Injection Method" – kula zamantakewa da kula shugaban kula shi.
Amfani: Nau'in kananan zamantakewa da kula shi a cikin masu amfani da kasa da kudin kasa.
3. GB/T 14549-1993 – Kudancin Wata Mafi Inganci: Harmoniki A Cikin Kudin Kasa
Rolin: An bayyana yadda ya zama da harmoniki na barazan da karamin a cikin kudin kasa, da kuma abubuwan da za su duba masu iya kula harmoniki.
Muhimmancin Tattaunawa:
Kiyasarta Harmoniki: Zamantakewa A-class suna da kiyasarta harmoniki na barazan ≤ ±0.05% UN, karamin kiyasarta ≤ ±0.15% IN. Ya kamata a kula harmoniki 2nd–50th.
Tattaunawa na Yawan Yaki: Bayyana kiyasarta shugabanni a wurare da harmoniki mai kyau don kula yawan yakin shi a cikin wurare.
Amfani: Tattaunawa masu iya kula harmoniki a cikin kudin kasa da kula shugabanni harmoniki a cikin kudin kasa.
4. GB/T 17626 Series – Tattaunawa na Yawan Yakin Electromagnetic (EMC)
Yawan Yakin:
GB/T 17626.2-2018: Yawan yakin na electrostatic discharge (contact ±6kV, air ±8kV).
GB/T 17626.5-2019: Yawan yakin na surge (line-line ±2kV, line-earth ±4kV).
GB/T 17626.6-2008: Yawan yakin na conducted RF (0.15–80 MHz).
Muhimmancin Tattaunawa: Yana kula kiyasarta kula a wurare da EMI mai kyau, kula yadda ake kula data saboda yakin.
Amfani: Tattaunawa masu iya kula shugabanni a cikin kudin kasa da wurare da yakin electromagnetic mai kyau.
II. Kudancin Duniya
1. IEC 61000-4 Series – Tattaunawa na Yawan Yakin Electromagnetic (EMC)
Yadda Yake a Duniya:
IEC 61000-4-2:2025: Yawan yakin na ESD, an bayyana wannan don zamantakewa da ake kunne.
IEC 61000-4-6:2013: Yawan yakin na conducted RF (0.15–80 MHz), an bayyana yadda ake kula yakin.
Muhimmiyar: Yana kula amfani da tattaunawa a duniya.
Amfani: Zamantakewa da ake fada da kudin kasa da kudin kasa.
2. IEC 62053-21:2020 – Zamantakewa na Kula Barazan: Baka 21: Static Active Energy Meters (Classes 0.2S and 0.5S)
Nau'in Kiyasarta Mai Girma:
Kiyasarta: 0.2S class ≤ ±0.2%, 0.5S class ≤ ±0.5%.
Tattaunawa: "Standard Meter Method" – kula zamantakewa da kula shugabanni.
Amfani: Amfani da kula barazan da kula shugabanni a cikin kudin kasa.
3. IEEE Std 1159-2019 – Nau'in Kula Wata Mafi Inganci
Tattaunawa:
An bayyana yadda ake kula sags, harmoniki, flicker, da sauransu.
An sauƙa da "Dual Standard Source Comparison Method" don kula kiyasarta shugabanni.
Amfani: Nau'in kula shugabanni a cikin kudin kasa da kudin kasa.
III. Tattaunawa Da Kudancin Zamantakewa
1. JJF 1848-2020 – Kudancin Tattaunawa Masu Iya Kula Wata Mafi Inganci A Cikin Turbin Da Dukarre-Dukarte
Yawan Yakin: Kudancin kasa na biyu da ya bayyana kiyasarta zamantakewa ≤ 1/3 darajinsu.
Hanyoyi:
Kula alama (labels, connectors).
Preheating (30 min) da kula reset factory.
Inject standard signals per DL/T 1228-2023.
Kula expanded uncertainty da kula certification certificate.
Amfani: Nau'in kula shugabanni a cikin kudin kasa da kudin kasa.
2. JJG 597-2016 – Kudancin Verification Regulation for AC Electrical Energy Meter Test Equipment
Nau'in Zamantakewa:
0.05-class source: barazan/karamin kiyasarta ≤ ±0.05%, power error ≤ ±0.05%.
Ya kamata a kula harmoniki injection da kula phase adjustment.
Amfani: Nau'in zamantakewa a cikin kudin kasa da kudin kasa.
IV. Kudancin Littafi Don Hujjojin Yadda
1. GB/T 24337-2009 – Kudancin Wata Mafi Inganci: Interharmonics A Cikin Kudin Kasa
An bayyana yadda ya zama da interharmonic barazan (e.g., ≤1.5% for 19th interharmonic in 10kV+ grids).
Bayyana kiyasarta kula non-integer harmoniki (>50 Hz).
Amfani: Kula shugabanni a cikin kudin kasa da kudin kasa.
2. Q/GDW 10 J393-2009 – Kudancin Technical Specification for Online Power Quality Monitoring Devices
Kudancin State Grid enterprise.
Ya kamata data storage ≥31 days, PQDIF format support.
Bayyana kiyasarta kula data transmission (e.g., voltage deviation ≤ ±0.5%).
Amfani: Tattaunawa a cikin kudin kasa.
V. Tattaunawa Da Kula Shugabanni
Abubuwan Da Za Su Duba: Kudin kasa suna da CNAS accreditation ko provincial metrology authorization don kula shugabanni.
Strategiya na Tattaunawa:
Tsari na tattaunawa: 3 shekaru (per DL/T 1228-2023).
An tsara zuwa 1 shekara a wurare da kusa (e.g., chemical, metallurgical plants) ko idan kiyasarta shugabanni > ±5%.
Kula Rukunsa:
Ya kamata: kula certification, raw data, maintenance logs.
Kula value: An amfani da shi don kula kiyasarta da kula bincike.
VI. Prioritization Da Kula Shugabanni
Hujjojin Yadda: DL/T 1228-2023 + GB/T 19862-2016 + GB/T 14549-1993.
Hujjojin Yadda: IEC 61000 series + IEEE Std 1159-2019.
Hujjojin Yadda:
Harmoniki: GB/T 14549-1993 + GB/T 24337-2009.
EMC: GB/T 17626 + IEC 61000-4.
Mafitaɗanar
Tattaunawa masu iya kula wata mafi inganci a cikin turbin da dukarre-dukarte ya kamata a kula waɗannan abubuwan: kula kiyasarta, kula tattaunawa, da kula hujjojin yadda. Kudin mai ban sha'awa ya kamata a kula DL/T 1228-2023 da GB/T 19862-2016, an yi kula da GB/T 14549-1993 da IEC 61000 don kula yawan yakin, da kula traceable via JJF 1848-2020. Don hujjojin yadda (e.g., renewables, healthcare), an amfani da kudancin lissafi kamar GB/T 24337-2009. Amfani da kula data, kula kiyasarta, da kula tattaunawa a duniya.
