Unsa ang mga pamantaran alang sa calibration sa mga online power quality monitoring devices?

Pangunahon nga Pundamental para sa Kalibrasyon sa Online Power Quality Monitoring Devices

Ang kalibrasyon sa online power quality monitoring devices sumusunod sa komprehensibong sistema ng pundamental, na kinabibilangan ng mga mandatory national standards, industry technical specifications, international guidelines, ug mga requirement para sa mga kalibrasyon methods ug equipment. Ang sumusunod naghatag og structured overview pinaagi sa praktikal nga mga rekomendasyon para sa real-world applications.

I. Pangunahon nga Nasodnong Pundamental

1. DL/T 1228-2023 – Technical Requirements and Test Methods for Online Power Quality Monitoring Devices

Status: Mandatory standard sa China's power industry, nagpalit sa 2013 edition, fully covering technical requirements, kalibrasyon methods, ug testing procedures.

Key Provisions:

• Kalibrasyon Interval: ≤3 years sa normal conditions; shortened to 1–2 years sa harsh environments (e.g., high EMI, high temperature/humidity) o kung ang device performance is unstable.

• Kalibrasyon Parameters: Voltage, current, frequency, harmonics (2nd–50th), interharmonics, flicker, three-phase unbalance, voltage sags/swells/interruptions. Calibration equipment must have accuracy better than 1/3 of the allowable error of the device under test (e.g., using a 0.05-class standard source).

• Functional Verification: Data sampling cycle, communication stability (e.g., IEC 61850 compatibility), ug alarm threshold accuracy must be validated.

• Application: Kalibrasyon para sa monitoring devices sa grid companies, power plants, ug renewable energy grid-connection points.

2. GB/T 19862-2016 – General Requirements for Power Quality Monitoring Equipment

Role: National standard defining general technical requirements, including kalibrasyon methods, error limits, ug environmental adaptability.

Key Requirements:

• Measurement Accuracy: RMS voltage/current error ≤ ±0.5%, frequency error ≤ ±0.01 Hz, harmonic amplitude error ≤ ±2% (Class A devices).

• Kalibrasyon Method: "Standard Source Injection Method" – comparing the output of a calibrated source with the device’s reading.

• Application: Reference for equipment selection ug kalibrasyon sa industrial users ug research institutions.

3. GB/T 14549-1993 – Power Quality: Harmonics in Public Power Systems

Role: Defines allowable harmonic voltage ug current levels sa public grids, ug specifies accuracy requirements for harmonic measurement instruments.

Kalibrasyon Focus:

• Harmonic Accuracy: A-class instruments require harmonic voltage error ≤ ±0.05% UN, current error ≤ ±0.15% IN. Must cover 2nd–50th harmonics.

• Immunity Testing: Validate device stability under harmonic-rich conditions to ensure immunity to field interference.

• Application: Harmonic mitigation projects ug monitoring of industrial harmonic sources.

4. GB/T 17626 Series – Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Testing

Environmental Robustness:

• GB/T 17626.2-2018: Electrostatic discharge immunity (contact ±6kV, air ±8kV).

• GB/T 17626.5-2019: Surge immunity (line-line ±2kV, line-earth ±4kV).

• GB/T 17626.6-2008: Conducted RF immunity (0.15–80 MHz).

Kalibrasyon Significance: Ensures measurement stability under high EMI conditions, preventing data drift due to interference.

Application: Kalibrasyon of devices in substations ug industrial environments with strong electromagnetic interference.

II. International Standards

1. IEC 61000-4 Series – EMC Testing

Global Relevance:

• IEC 61000-4-2:2025: ESD immunity, includes guidance for wearable devices.

• IEC 61000-4-6:2013: Conducted RF immunity (0.15–80 MHz), standardized interference injection.

Advantage: Enables international recognition of kalibrasyon results.

Application: Exported equipment ug cross-border power projects.

2. IEC 62053-21:2020 – Electricity Metering Equipment – Part 21: Static Active Energy Meters (Classes 0.2S and 0.5S)

High-Accuracy Reference:

• Error Limits: 0.2S class ≤ ±0.2%, 0.5S class ≤ ±0.5%.

• Kalibrasyon Method: "Standard Meter Method" – comparing readings from a high-accuracy reference meter ug the device under test.

• Application: Trade settlement ug high-precision research applications.

3. IEEE Std 1159-2019 – Guide for Monitoring Electric Power Quality

Technical Guidance:

• Defines measurement methods ug data logging requirements for sags, harmonics, flicker, etc.

• Recommends the "Dual Standard Source Comparison Method" for cross-validation of device accuracy.

• Application: Reference for monitoring devices in North America ug international engineering projects.

III. Kalibrasyon Methods & Equipment Standards

1. JJF 1848-2020 – Calibration Specification for Power Quality Monitoring Equipment

Metrological Traceability: National technical specification requiring calibration equipment uncertainty ≤ 1/3 of the device’s allowable error.

Key Steps:

• Visual inspection (labels, connectors).

• Preheating (30 min) ug factory reset.

• Inject standard signals per DL/T 1228-2023.

• Calculate expanded uncertainty ug issue calibration certificate.

Application: Basis for kalibrasyon in metrology institutes ug third-party labs.

2. JJG 597-2016 – Verification Regulation for AC Electrical Energy Meter Test Equipment

Equipment Benchmark:

• 0.05-class source: voltage/current error ≤ ±0.05%, power error ≤ ±0.05%.

• Must support harmonic injection ug phase adjustment.

Application: Selection ug traceability of standard sources in calibration labs.

IV. Supplementary Standards for Special Scenarios

1. GB/T 24337-2009 – Power Quality: Interharmonics in Public Power Systems

• Defines interharmonic voltage limits (e.g., ≤1.5% for 19th interharmonic in 10kV+ grids).

• Validates measurement accuracy for non-integer harmonics (>50 Hz).

• Application: Renewable integration ug industrial sites with variable frequency drives.

2. Q/GDW 10 J393-2009 – Technical Specification for Online Power Quality Monitoring Devices

• State Grid enterprise standard.

• Requires data storage ≥31 days, PQDIF format support.

• Validates data transmission accuracy (e.g., voltage deviation ≤ ±0.5%).

• Application: Kalibrasyon within State Grid systems.

V. Kalibrasyon Process & Compliance Recommendations

Qualification Requirements: Kalibrasyon labs must hold CNAS accreditation or provincial metrology authorization for legally valid results.

Dynamic Kalibrasyon Strategy:

• Standard interval: 3 years (per DL/T 1228-2023).

• Shortened to 1 year in harsh environments (e.g., chemical, metallurgical plants) or if historical drift > ±5%.

Record Keeping:

• Required: Kalibrasyon certificate, raw data, maintenance logs.

• Legal value: Used for regulatory compliance ug incident investigation.

VI. Standard Prioritization & Application Strategy

• Domestic Projects: DL/T 1228-2023 + GB/T 19862-2016 + GB/T 14549-1993.

• International Projects: IEC 61000 series + IEEE Std 1159-2019.

• Special Cases:

• Harmonics: GB/T 14549-1993 + GB/T 24337-2009.

• EMC: GB/T 17626 + IEC 61000-4.

Summary

Kalibrasyon of online power quality monitoring devices must follow three principles: regulatory compliance, technical standardization, ug scenario-specific adaptation. The core framework should be built on DL/T 1228-2023 ug GB/T 19862-2016, enhanced by GB/T 14549-1993 ug IEC 61000 for environmental robustness, ug traceable via JJF 1848-2020. For specialized industries (e.g., renewables, healthcare), supplementary standards like GB/T 24337-2009 should be applied. The ultimate goal is accurate data, regulatory compliance, ug international recognition.