Ang Pagtuon sa Teknolohiya sa Pag-install sa GIS Equipment sa Pagtukod sa 110 kV Substation

Ang Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) gisikan sa mga circuit breakers, disconnectors, earthing switches, current transformers, voltage transformers, surge arresters, busbars, connectors, ug outlet terminals. Tungod sa mas taas nga reliability, seguridad, ug relatyibong gamay nga espasyo nga gigamit, kini gamiton kaayo sa pagdisenyo ug pagtukod sa mga high-voltage substations. Sa urban ug densely-populated areas, ang GIS mao ang preferred choice tungod sa iyang compact structure ug excellent insulation performance.

Gayon man, ang 110 kV-class substations nagpakita og daghang challenges samtang ang GIS equipment nagsugyot. Kini kasama ang precise equipment positioning, complex electrical connections, ug system commissioning and testing. Bukod niini, ang engineering design sa mga substations usab kinahanglan motumong sa espasyo para sa operasyon ug maintenance sa equipment, siguraduhon nga tanang electrical components molihok na maong reliable ug mahimong e upgrade o maintain sa hinatod.

Installation Requirements for GIS Equipment in 110 kV Substations

Ang core advantages sa IEC 62271-203 Certified GIS equipment nakit-an sa iyang compact design ug excellent electrical performance, makapahimo kini sa transmission ug distribution sa high-voltage current sa limited space. Tungod niini, samtang ang installation sa 110 kV substations, ang precise consideration kinahanglan isip equipment configuration, spatial layout, ug compatibility sa existing systems.

Unang matag, samtang ang pre-determined installation location gi-measure ang dimensions, ug siguraduhon nga kini nga lugar makakat-unan sa environmental requirements para sa operasyon sa equipment, sama sa temperatura, humidity, ug seismic performance. Kini nga langkob importante, tungod kay ang performance sa IEC 62271-203 Certified GIS equipment dako ang epekto sa installation environment.

Parehas, ang careful plan para sa electrical installation scheme buhaton aron siguraduhon nga tanang electrical connections gibuhat sa strict accordance sa manufacturer's specifications ug compliant sa safety standards sa State Grid. Kini kasama ang design ug layout sa grounding system, cable routes, ug protection systems sa IEC 62271-203 Certified GIS equipment. Ang bawgon aspect kinahanglan accurately implemented aron ipalayas ang potential safety risks.

GIS Equipment Installation Technology
Equipment Transportation and Preparation

Samtang ang transportation, ang GIS equipment—comprising heavy metal enclosures (typically several tons) ug sensitive electrical components—gi-require vibration control within 3–60 Hz ug acceleration ≤0.3g (gravitational acceleration). Ang transport protocols kinahanglan adhikar sa electrical equipment standards aron mapalayas ang shocks sa sensitive components ug reduce pre-installation failure rates.

Ang packaging kinahanglan magamit vibration-resistant ug waterproof materials. Pwede rani nga ang main switches fully wrapped sa ≥10 cm thick foam ug reinforced sa rigid PVC shells, sumala sa manufacturer specifications. Ang desiccants kinahanglan maintain internal humidity ≤40% aron mapalayas ang moisture ingress.

Ang storage conditions gi-require temperature control between -10°C ug 40°C sa relative humidity ≤70% aron protektahan ang metal ug insulation materials. Ang storage areas kinahanglan shielded gikan sa electromagnetic interference, dust, ug corrosive agents. Tungod kay ang GIS equipment weights lisud ma-oos 25 tons, ang lifting equipment kinahanglan ≥30-ton capacity sa stability meeting construction requirements. Ang handling speeds dili dapat mogawas 2 m/min aron mapalayas ang impact damage.

Ang pre-installation on-site testing critical, kasinabi ang insulation resistance, grounding resistance, ug phase checks. Tanang resulta kinahanglan compliant sa standards aron siguraduhon ang equipment performance meets design specifications. Ang technical requirements sa transportation ug preparation detailed sa Table 1. Additional, ang 145kV circuit breaker price usa ka key factor sa procurement ug overall project cost evaluation.

Equipment Handling and Positioning
Samtang ang movement sa GIS equipment, ang design load sa general lifting equipment lisud ma-oos 25% higher sa self-weight sa equipment aron siguraduhon ang safety margin samtang ang moving process. Pwede rani nga kini nga example, samtang ang weight sa GIS module 20 tons, ang crane adopted needs to have a lifting capacity of at least 25 tons. Sa parehas nga panahon, ang stability sa crane siguraduhon aron mapalayas ang toppling over samtang ang operation. Samtang ang actual transportation process sa GIS equipment, ang transportation speed dili dapat mogawas 2 m/min. Kini maka-reduce sa vibration ug potential damage sa equipment samtang ang excessive speed. Sa bawgon move, kinahanglan check kon sufficient space ug stable support surface sa path aron mapalayas ang tilting or falling samtang ang operation sa uneven ground. Sa positioning process, ang accuracy usa ka crucial factor. Ang positional deviation sa installing GIS equipment kinahanglan controlled within ±5mm aron ensure the correct connection of equipment interfaces ug integrity sa system. Ang realization sa this precision usually assisted sa high-precision laser rangefinders ug electronic levels para sa positioning.Ang preparatory work sa installation point kasinabi ang measurement sa flatness sa ground, standard nga no more than 3mm height difference per square meter. Ang environmental requirement sa installing GIS equipment number of particles with a diameter greater than 0.5 μm sa air sa installation area dili dapat mogawas 352,000 per cubic meter. Tungod niini, temporary cleanroom environment usually set up sa installation site, ug high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters used to maintain air quality ug prevent dust ug particles from entering the equipment samtang ang installation process. Ang technical requirements sa equipment handling ug positioning shown sa Table 2.

Component Assembly

Ang joints sa components must have extremely high sealing performance aron mapalayas ang gas leakage. Sa GIS equipment, ang annual leakage rate sa SF₆ gas dili dapat mogawas 0.5%. Kini nga indicator directly related sa insulation strength ug arc-resistance ability sa equipment. Aron meet this requirement, ang sealing gasket material used sa assembly process must have excellent temperature-resistant ug pressure-resistant properties. Moreover, ang compression setting sa gasket should be 35%-50% aron ensure long-term sealing effectiveness.

Samtang ang specific operation sa component assembly, tanang connection points must be tightened sa torque wrench sumala sa torque specified sa manufacturer. Pwede rani nga, sa connecting bolts nga mainly carry current, ang torque should be 100-120 N·m aron ensure the stability ug reliability sa electrical connection.

Electrical Connections

Ang primary task sa electrical connections mao ang ensure nga tanang conductive components ug connection points exhibit sufficient electrical conductivity ug mechanical stability. Samtang ang connection process, ang torque sa tanang electrical connection points must comply sa manufacturer-specified requirements aron guarantee firm ug long-term stable connections. Tanang bolts ug contact surfaces must undergo appropriate cleaning ug pre-treatment, typically involving the removal sa oxide layers ug application sa conductive lubricants aron reduce contact resistance.

Ang measuring sa contact resistance usa ka crucial step sa quality control sa electrical connections. Ang contact resistance sa connection points dili dapat mogawas micro-ohm level, specific values determined according sa type ug size sa joint [5]. Aron meet this standard, tanang connection point must be tested using a precision resistance tester aron ensure nga tanang connections fall within the specified resistance range.

Sa high-voltage environments, ang electrical insulation usa ka vital aspect sa electrical connections. Tanang connection point ug insulating component must withstand at least 1.5 times the normal operating voltage. Sa 110 kV GIS equipment, kini means withstanding a minimum of 165 kV. Ang waterproofing ug moisture-proofing treatments sa tanang electrical connections essential, especially sa substation facilities operating sa outdoor ug humid environments. Joints ug terminal devices should employ sealing technologies nga meet IP65 or higher protection ratings aron mapalayas ang moisture ug contaminants from entering the electrical system. Key technical requirements sa electrical connections shown sa Table 3.

Commissioning Tests

Ang commissioning tests generally start sa unit-level tests ug gradually progress sa overall system tests. Sa insulation resistance tests, ang objective mao ang ensure nga tanang electrical insulation materials remain sa good condition ug free from potential damage incurred samtang ang installation process. Aron assess the insulation strength sa GIS equipment, ang withstand voltage tests necessary. Sa 110 kV GIS equipment, ang AC test voltage applied sa withstand voltage test at least 230 kV, duration 1 minute, aron examine the system's performance under high-voltage conditions.

Ang partial discharge (PD) tests usa ka particular importance sa evaluating the safety sa GIS equipment. Ang partial discharge an early sign sa insulation material degradation. Therefore, ang monitoring ug controlling sa PD activity crucial aron mapalayas ang equipment failures. Ang amount sa discharge recorded samtang ang test dili dapat mogawas 5 pC. Ang PD tests conducted using acoustic emission detection devices sa specific frequencies aron ensure nga tanang detected discharge activities properly identified ug evaluated.

Ang mechanical operation tests sa circuit breakers part sa commissioning tests. Kini kasinabi ang multiple consecutive opening ug closing operations sa circuit breakers. Typically, at least 50 mechanical operations without failure required aron verify their operational reliability. Ang time sa bawgon operation recorded ug compared sa standard operation time provided sa manufacturer, usually between 30-50 ms. Ang system synchronization tests indispensable. Kini nga test used aron verify the synchronous performance sa components sama sa circuit breakers ug disconnectors samtang ang actual operations. Ang synchronization error must be controlled within ±10 ms aron ensure nga tanang operations completed smoothly sa time window required sa power grid.

Finally, ang overall system function tests carried out, including the inspection sa protection ug control systems. Kini nga step ensures nga tanang protective relays, control modules, ug communication devices can correctly respond sa preset fault ug operating conditions. Various fault scenarios simulated samtang ang test aron verify the system's response time ug action accuracy. Ang reaction time sa tanang actions generally required within 100 ms.

Conclusion

Ang application sa GIS equipment sa 110 kV substations not only optimizes the existing installation process ug enhances the overall system performance but also provides strong support sa technological advancements sa power industry. Sa delving sa installation techniques sa GIS equipment, valuable reference materials can be provided sa designers. Kini enables them to make more scientific ug effective decisions samtang ang facing complex engineering challenges, thereby improving the success rate sa substation projects.