Lêgerîna Teknîyekan Bîrkarî yên Pîçeyên GIS di Bûyeriyê de ya IEE-Business da 110 kV

Pîvekê ya bûyerên dîwarên gaz (GIS) ji qamên bûyer, dîwarên veger, dîwarên zemîn, transformatoran pêwistan, transformatoran gerîlan, kêmastên hêzdar, şeranbar, pêşkeftinan û terminalên derketin. Bi piştguhî, ewlehiyayê û herî ku şaceya yekbûy nisand, li ser çêna û kirina navcheyên hêzdar digirin de hatiye beryar kirin. Li navcheyên bajar û çarçoveyên kêmtir, GIS bi taybetmendiyên dîwar û performansa îzazî yên wekî çemsa dikare were beryar kirin.

Lê, navcheyên 110 kV-î di dema xebitandina cihedên GIS de pir gava werin. Wan jî giranîn destnîşankirina rastîn cihedan, pêşkeftinan elektrîkî yên mirîn û kirina sistema û testkirina wê. Dibeje, rengîna teknîkî navcheya da divê hesab bike li ser şaceya operasyon û parastina cihedan, dikevin ku hemî komponanan elektrîkî bêtikîn beşevînin û bêtikîn were pêşve û parastîn bikin an ên di dema din de.

Tiştên Xebitandina Cihedên GIS li Navcheyên 110 kV

Taybetmendiyên nîvenda IEC 62271 - 203 Certified GIS cihedan dikevin li ser nîvenda compact û performansa elektrîkîya wekî, ku wan dikare kirina û pêşkeftina baran hêzdar di şaceyek berfîrîn de. Belî, di dema xebitandina li navcheyên 110 kV de, hesab bike li ser configûrasyona cihed, şaceya layout û compatible bi sistemas existent.

Yekem, pêşdiyar xebitandin, dimensyonên lokasyona xebitandin duhokirin, û hesab bike ku locasyonê dikare meqdarên envîronmentî yên operasyon cihedê, wêjêr temperatûra, namûr û performansa seismic. Vê adîmê giran e, çimka performansa IEC 62271 - 203 Certified GIS cihedan ziyan dike li ser envîronmenta xebitandina.

Duyem, planî pelanî li ser skema xebitandin elektrîkî bikin, bi rêza ku hemî pêşkeftinan elektrîkî bikin li ser spesifikasyonên prodûsor û li ser standartên ewlehiyayê State Grid. Ev dabejiyê giran e, li ser design û layout sisteman grounding, routes cable û protection systems for IEC 62271 - 203 Certified GIS cihedan. Her aspektê divê bi rastî implement bike, bi rêza ku wan dikare rakirin riskekan potensiyel.

Teknîkî Xebitandina Cihedan GIS
Transport û Pêşberiya Cihedan

Di dema transport de, cihedan GIS - ji bo metal enclosures (herî tonên) û komponanan elektrîkî sencîr - dikare kontrol bike li ser vibration control di navbera 3-60 Hz û acceleration ≤0.3g (gravitational acceleration). Protokolan transport divê li ser standartên cihedan elektrîkî bikin, bi rêza ku wan dikare minîmal bike shocks to sensitive components û reduce pre-installation failure rates.

Packaging divê materialên vibration-resistant û waterproof bikin. Mînak, main switches divê fully wrapped in ≥10 cm thick foam û reinforced with rigid PVC shells, li ser spesifikasyonên prodûsor. Desiccants divê maintain internal humidity ≤40% bi rêza ku wan dikare prevent moisture ingress.

Şertên storage divê temperature control between -10°C and 40°C bi relative humidity ≤70% bi rêza ku wan dikare protect metal û insulation materials. Storage areas divê be shielded from electromagnetic interference, dust, û corrosive agents. Ji kerema GIS cihedan weights often exceeding 25 tons, lifting equipment divê have a ≥30-ton capacity bi stability meeting construction requirements. Handling speeds divê not exceed 2 m/min bi rêza ku wan dikare avoid impact damage.

Pre-installation on-site testing is critical, including insulation resistance, grounding resistance, û phase checks. All results divê comply with standards bi rêza ku wan dikare ensure equipment performance meets design specifications. Technical requirements for transportation û preparation are detailed in Table 1. Additionally, the 145kV circuit breaker price is a key factor in procurement û overall project cost evaluation.

Handling û Positioning Cihedan
Ji kerema moving GIS cihedan, design load of general lifting equipment is usually more than 25% higher than the self-weight of the equipment to ensure a safety margin during the moving process. For example, when the weight of the GIS module is 20 tons, then the crane adopted needs to have a lifting capacity of at least 25 tons. At the same time, the stability of the crane should be evaluated to prevent it from toppling over due to load deviation during operation. During the actual transportation process of GIS cihedan, the transportation speed should not exceed 2 m/min. This can reduce the vibration û potential damage of the equipment caused by excessive speed. Before each move, it is necessary to check whether there is sufficient space û stable support surface on the path to avoid equipment tilting or falling due to operation on uneven ground. In the positioning process, accuracy is a crucial factor. The positional deviation of installing GIS cihedan must be controlled within ± 5mm to ensure the correct connection of equipment interfaces û the integrity of the system. The realization of this precision is usually assisted by high-precision laser rangefinders û electronic levels for positioning.The preparatory work at the installation point includes the measurement of the flatness of the ground, with a standard of no more than 3mm in height difference per square meter. The environmental requirement for installing GIS cihedan is that the number of particles with a diameter greater than 0.5 μm in the air of the installation area shall not exceed 352,000 per cubic meter. For this reason, a temporary cleanroom environment is usually set up at the installation site, û high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters are used to maintain air quality û prevent dust û particles from entering the equipment during the installation process. The technical requirements for equipment handling û positioning are shown in Table 2.

Component Assembly

The joints of components must have extremely high sealing performance to prevent gas leakage. For GIS cihedan, the annual leakage rate of SF₆ gas should not exceed 0.5%. This indicator is directly related to the insulation strength û arc-resistance ability of the equipment. To meet this requirement, the sealing gasket material used in the assembly process must have excellent temperature-resistant û pressure-resistant properties. Moreover, the compression setting of the gasket should be 35% - 50% to ensure long-term sealing effectiveness.

During the specific operation of component assembly, all connection points must be tightened with a torque wrench according to the torque specified by the manufacturer. For example, for the connecting bolts that mainly carry current, the torque should be 100 - 120 N·m to ensure the stability û reliability of the electrical connection.

Electrical Connections

The primary task of electrical connections is to ensure that all conductive components û connection points exhibit sufficient electrical conductivity û mechanical stability. During the connection process, the torque at all electrical connection points must comply with the manufacturer-specified requirements to guarantee firm û long-term stable connections. All bolts û contact surfaces must undergo appropriate cleaning û pre-treatment, typically involving the removal of oxide layers û the application of conductive lubricants to reduce contact resistance.

Measuring contact resistance is a crucial step in the quality control of electrical connections. The contact resistance at connection points should not exceed the micro-ohm level, with specific values determined according to the type û size of the joint [5]. To meet this standard, each connection point must be tested using a precision resistance tester to ensure that all connections fall within the specified resistance range.

In high-voltage environments, electrical insulation is also a vital aspect of electrical connections. Each connection point û insulating component must withstand at least 1.5 times the normal operating voltage. For 110 kV GIS cihedan, this means withstanding a minimum of 165 kV. Waterproofing û moisture-proofing treatments for all electrical connections are essential, especially for substation facilities operating in outdoor û humid environments. Joints û terminal devices should employ sealing technologies that meet IP65 or higher protection ratings to prevent moisture û contaminants from entering the electrical system. Key technical requirements for electrical connections are shown in Table 3.

Commissioning Tests

Commissioning tests generally start with unit-level tests û gradually progress to overall system tests. In insulation resistance tests, the objective is to ensure that all electrical insulation materials remain in good condition û are free from potential damage incurred during the installation process. To assess the insulation strength of GIS cihedan, withstand voltage tests are necessary. For 110 kV GIS cihedan, the AC test voltage applied in the withstand voltage test is at least 230 kV, with a duration of 1 minute, to examine the system's performance under high-voltage conditions.

Partial discharge (PD) tests are of particular importance for evaluating the safety of GIS cihedan. Partial discharge is an early sign of insulation material degradation. Therefore, monitoring û controlling PD activity is crucial for preventing cihedan failures. The amount of discharge recorded during the test should not exceed 5 pC. PD tests are conducted using acoustic emission detection devices at specific frequencies to ensure that all detected discharge activities are properly identified û evaluated.

Mechanical operation tests of circuit breakers are also part of the commissioning tests. These involve multiple consecutive opening û closing operations of the circuit breakers. Typically, at least 50 mechanical operations without failure are required to verify their operational reliability. The time for each operation is recorded û compared with the standard operation time provided by the manufacturer, which is usually between 30 - 50 ms. System synchronization tests are also indispensable. This test is used to verify the synchronous performance of components such as circuit breakers û disconnectors during actual operations. The synchronization error must be controlled within ±10 ms to ensure that all operations are completed smoothly within the time window required by the power grid.

Finally, overall system function tests are carried out, including the inspection of protection û control systems. This step ensures that all protective relays, control modules, û communication devices can correctly respond to preset fault û operating conditions. Various fault scenarios are simulated during the test to verify the system's response time û action accuracy. The reaction time for all actions is generally required to be within 100 ms.

Conclusion

The application of GIS cihedan in 110 kV substations not only optimizes the existing installation process û enhances the overall system performance but also provides strong support for technological advancements in the power industry. By delving into the installation techniques of GIS cihedan, valuable reference materials can be provided for designers. This enables them to make more scientific û effective decisions when facing complex engineering challenges, thereby improving the success rate of substation projects.