Bîstaya pêşkeftinî ya berbas berojên 110 kV GIS çalakên bi dariana nîzîk Design research

Pexşewa û Şevikina Pirantiya Daştîn Bazirin GIS

Paşani, pirantiyên daştîn bêkaran a mafan yên ku ji bo çalak bikin an jî pirantiyên GIS ên navendî yên taybetandî yên cihazda, GIS ên navendî yên çelîl da, û GIS ên derveyî yên çelîl. Li dergêra hûn dikarin li Indonesiya vê studiya bibatîne şevikina pirantiyên daştîn ji bo istasyonên prefabricated zihniyariyên. Di Indonesia de çend îstasîyonên elektrîkî yên çendî di navçeyên terîn û çarên nîşangirî de ne. Li ser pîvana ya heyî, strategîya wêchîna şebêkê ya elektirikî dikeve ku bi karberdanan rêzikên 110 kV çendî istasyonên daştîn bicîh bikin. Li ser binivîsê ya vê, sathên gerîn bikevin da ku amadekirina lêdana werbigire, berhemên çalak bikin, û rola istasyonên 35 kV rast bikin. Istasyonên elektrîkî di şebêka Indonesiya de mezin ne, bi xercên pelî û çalakî yên berhem û demên çalakî yên derdil, ku vê yekê divê li ser pexşewa pirantiyên daştîn û şevikina pirantiyên daştîn bêtir bibin.

GIS ên derveyî yên çelîl circuit breakers û disconnectors bîrînin, bi busbars taybetandî yên herêmî. Vê arêzî dibatîne hejmarên flanges û pirantiyên derveyî bigerînin, paşani efektivîyetê ya qeytandinîya çarên hedef bigihîne. Herdemîn, rengên GIS ên derveyî yên çelîl difikirîna çalak û çetkarê were girîng bikin, kişandina çalak û biniyara pirantiyên di navçeyên çiyayên û çiyayên de hilbijêrin.

Indonesia dikeyekî wekîne û çend roja mezin dike, ji bo vê yekê kontrola zihniyariyê difikirîna malperî yên zorîn. Di Indonesiyan de, kontrola zihniyariyê çendî hewce dike ku niha ya malperî yên 5% - 95% û niha ya perwarî yên -5 - 55°C be, û ezbaşkirina malperî yên gelîn ne. Ji bo kirina serderdî, sermalperî, û ezbaşkirina çalak û çetkarê di çarên kontrola derveyî de, vê studiya metoda ku air conditioners li ser serkanîna çarên kontrola derveyî bîrînin.

Li ser wirina elektrîkî yên sereke, pirsa dibe ku amana, ekonomî, operasyona, û amna li ser çalakî. Ji bo wirina elektrîkî yên 110 kV, wirina sectioning û bridge type wirina bêkaran e. Wirina bridge type herêmîn circuit breakers û xercên kamîn, lê amana wekî wirina sectioning û dîtina çalak û çetkarê zêde ye. Ji bo vê yekê, vê studiya circuit breakers bikar bîne ji bo sectioning busbar. Bi vê metoda, dema ku birîka busbar çavreke, bîrînek bîrînen din hêliya denxwendîya bide, amana hizmetê bide. Wirina sectioning busbar tevahî ye, herêmîn komponentên pirantiyên kamîn, û amana û operasyona zêde ye. Sêwera istasyonên zihniyariyên taybetandî yên şoqeyî şoşa li Figure 1.

Transformers di istasyonda, wekî pirantiyên sereke, rolê zorîn di detektîna rewşê de ne. Ji bo xercên amadekirina û senaryoyên serkarî, projeyekê dike ku device-ê ya monitorîna gas dissolved on-line di oil de û device-ê ya detektîna current-ê ya core grounding on-line bikar bîne. Evê, bi qiymeta 200,000 RMB per set, bikar bîne ji bo detektîna insulation-ê ya navendî, û evê bikar bîne ji bo detektîna real-time current-ê ya core grounding. Hertîk teknolojiyên duweyên piştgu û bêkaran e.

Transformer-ê sereke pirantiyên primary û secondary bîrînin, ku amadekirina perception û assessment-ê ya state-ê ya çalak bide. Ji bo kolayîya biniyara rastî û shift-ê ya monitoring û kurdkirina xercên biniyar, cooling-ê ya natural oil circulation air bîrînin ji bo transformer-ê sereke.

Hybrid GIS circuit breakers, switches, û current transformers bîrînin ji bo single entity, ku process-ê ya reconstruction-ê bîrînin bi herêmîna herêmîna pirantiyên. Navendîn hybrid GIS herêmîn pirantiyên û flanges, amana û resistance-ê ya corrosion-ê zêde ye, ku di çarên hedef de çalak bike. Voltage-ê ya rated-ê ya pirantiyên bay-ê ya hybrid GIS 126 kV û current-ê ya rated-ê 2000 A. Her pirantiyên bay-ê ya hybrid GIS sensors, cabinets-ê ya control-ê zihniyariyê, û devices-ê ya detektîna state-ê ya gas SF₆ bîrînin. Ev pirantiyên data-ê ya gas û state-ê ya çalak bîrînin, measurement-ê ya digital, interaction-ê ya information, û inquiry-ê ya state-ê ya high-voltage switches amadekirin.

Optimization of Distribution Equipment and General Layout

Di projeyekê serekek de, configuration-ê ya cabinets-ê ya terminal-ê zihniyariyê û cabinets-ê ya control-gathering-ê ya hybrid GIS dikeve ku li ser arrangement-ê ya allocation-ê ya two cabinets per bay bêje. Lakin, ev metoda herêmîn loops-ê ya cable-crossing dide, ku ji bo biniyara rastî nayê. Ji bo vê yekê, circuits-ê ya secondary-ê ya terminals-ê zihniyariyê û mechanisms-ê ya hybrid GIS bêje hêvî bîne. Bi combining control panels, interlocking loops, anti-tripping loops, û non-in-phase loops bi terminal-ê zihniyariyê, design-ê ya integrated bîne.

Optimization-ê ya cabinets-ê ya control-ê zihniyariyê pirsa tîn aspektan: (1) Simplifying the circuit by replacing hard-wiring logic with local terminal software logic; (2) Enabling bay-to-bay communication through intelligent terminals and substation event-oriented object technology; (3) Adopting an integrated design of intelligent terminals and circuit breaker control circuits to reduce redundant functions such as pressure interlocking loops. In addition to these circuit improvements, the layout of intelligent terminals within the original control-gathering cabinets is retained, and the connections between intelligent control-gathering cabinets and corresponding equipment are optimized.

Design-ê ya projeyekê dikeve model-ê ya modular prefabricated cabin bîne. Layout-ê ya istasyon baze dike li ser conditions-ê ya natural û requirements-ê ya engineering-ê ya çarên hedef, û advantages-ê ya safety, reliability, environmental friendliness, fire protection, û convenient operation and maintenance hêvî bîne. Di çarên hedef de, distribution equipment-ê ya 110 kV û main transformers-ê ji north to south bêje bîne. Ji bo meeting transportation requirements, circular fire-fighting passage-ê li ser istasyon bêje bîne, û installation-ê ya on-site equipment utilizes a minimized layout. Bi vê layout-ê, 18% of the land area can be saved. The general layout of the distribution equipment in the design scheme is shown in Figure 2.

In terms of optimization of distribution dimensions

The design scheme proposed in the research arranges hybrid GIS equipment in two rows, and the 110 kV distribution equipment adopts outdoor aluminum-magnesium alloy support tube busbars. The standard sectional bay layout typically features a linear arrangement of soft conduit busbars at both ends, which occupies a large amount of lateral space. Thanks to the integration of hybrid GIS equipment, its layout is more compact. The research sets the lateral dimension of the sectional bay at 8 m, which is 2 m shorter than before. The standard longitudinal length is 39 m. To optimize the longitudinal dimension, the proposed scheme uses integrated equipment, removes the incoming line structure, and modifies the busbar framework, thereby reducing the occupation of longitudinal space. Through these two improvements, the longitudinal dimension in the scheme is 25.2 m, 13.8 m shorter than the standard length, effectively reducing the space occupied by the equipment.

Performance and Cost Analysis of Intelligent Prefabricated Substations

After the construction of the prefabricated substation is completed, relevant commissioning steps need to be carried out to ensure that the functions of each device can meet the design requirements and enable normal communication between the devices and software. The experiment records and analyzes data such as the current, voltage values, active power, transformer temperature, and power factor of each switch in the prefabricated substation to ensure the stable operation of the substation equipment. Among them, the transformer temperature values at different time periods are shown in Figure 3.

By observing Figure 3(a), it can be found that the temperature values of phase A, phase B, and phase C all remain in a relatively stable state. The temperature of phase B is the highest, reaching 43.6 °C from 8:31 to 8:32; the temperature of phase A varies between 42.0 - 43.2 °C; and the temperature of phase C remains around 42.5 °C. In Figure 3(b), the variation in the transformer temperature values collected in the afternoon is also relatively small. Due to environmental changes, the overall temperature values of phase A, phase B, and phase C are higher than the morning measurement values but still within the normal temperature range. At 14:32, the temperature value of phase B is 44.1 °C, and at this time, the temperature values of phase A and phase C are 42.9 °C and 42.6 °C respectively. Throughout the entire measurement period, the lowest temperature of phase C is 42.2 °C and the highest is 43.7 °C, while the temperature of phase A fluctuates within the range of 42.6 - 43.8 °C.

Analysis of the on-site test data shows that the data of the prefabricated substation all meet the design requirements and comply with relevant acceptance standards. In terms of economic utility, based on the life-cycle cost theory, the experiment analyzes and calculates the various costs of the 110 kV distribution equipment, and selects the air-insulated switchgear scheme for comparison. The comparison results are shown in Figure 4.

In Figure 4, the upfront investment cost for the optimized hybrid GIS design scheme is 2.413 million RMB, which is 0.133 million RMB higher than that of the air-insulated switchgear scheme. This is mainly because the equipment procurement cost of the hybrid GIS design scheme is higher than that of the air-insulated switchgear scheme, and the installation engineering cost is also slightly higher.

During the operation and maintenance phase, the required cost proportion is relatively small. Since the substation of the optimized hybrid GIS design scheme is an unmanned substation, only a small amount of regular manual inspections are needed, which reduces the daily operation and maintenance costs. Therefore, the operation and maintenance cost is much lower than that of the air-insulated switchgear scheme.

The annual failure probability of the optimized hybrid GIS design scheme has been significantly reduced, resulting in a notable decrease in maintenance costs. Moreover, its demolition cost is only 89% of that of the air-insulated switchgear scheme. Considering all factors, the present value of the life-cycle cost of the optimized hybrid GIS design scheme is 0.549 million RMB lower than that of the air-insulated switchgear scheme. Additionally, the 110 kV GIS intelligent substation scheme is superior to the conventional air-insulated switchgear scheme.

Conclusion

In order to conserve urban land resources, shorten the construction period, and enhance the economic efficiency and reliability of prefabricated substations, this research proposes an outdoor hybrid GIS design scheme that integrates circuit breakers and disconnectors. By optimizing the circuit and adopting single-busbar sectional wiring, and optimizing the overall layout, the number of failures is reduced and the maintenance cost is lowered.

The test results show that during the collection of transformer temperature, the temperature values of phase A, phase B, and phase C remain relatively stable. In the morning, the temperature of phase A varies between 42.0 - 43.2 °C, while that of phase C stays around 42.5 °C. In the afternoon, the temperature of phase C ranges from a minimum of 42.2 °C to a maximum of 43.7 °C, and the temperature of phase A fluctuates between 42.6 °C and 43.8 °C. The data of the prefabricated substation meet the design requirements and comply with relevant acceptance standards.

In the life-cycle cost analysis, although the upfront investment cost of the optimized hybrid GIS design scheme is 2.413 million RMB, 0.133 million RMB higher than that of the air-insulated switchgear scheme, the optimized hybrid GIS design scheme requires only a small amount of regular manual inspections. This reduces the daily operation and maintenance costs, making the operation and maintenance cost much lower than that of the air-insulated switchgear scheme, and significantly reducing the maintenance cost as well. Calculations show that the present value of the life-cycle cost of the optimized hybrid GIS design scheme is 0.549 million RMB lower than that of the air-insulated switchgear scheme, demonstrating that the optimized 110 kV GIS intelligent substation scheme is superior to the conventional air-insulated switchgear scheme.

However, this research only analyzes and optimizes the primary substation design. In the future, a more comprehensive intelligent design for secondary substations needs to be carried out by comprehensively considering communication and land construction.