Staidéar dearaidh ar stáisiún díolchúlach inntiograiseach bunaithe ar giotáin GIS ardshóil 110 kV

Roghnú agus Socrú ar Tháirgeadh Deisce Deisiúnach Bunaithe ar GIS

Faoi láthair, tá an t-eitiltíocht deisce deisiúnach atá in úsáid go forleathan a bhunú air: uirlisí deisciúcháin oscailte amuigh sa tsráid le heisilín aer-choibhneasta, GIS ionadúil traidisiúnta, GIS ionadúil struchtúr acra, agus GIS ilchruthaithe amuigh sa tsráid. Tá an staidéar seo dírithe ar stáisiúin deonacha na hIndinise chun socrú a dhéanamh ar tháirgeadh deisce do stáisiúin deonacha intleachtacha riaracháin. Tá formhór na stáisiúin deonacha na hIndinise suite i réimsí le talamh foréigneach agus olla scáthach. De réir an plean reatha, is é an straitéis fhorbairt gréasáin réigiúnach an t-uirlisí deonacha atá ann a úsáid chun stáisiúin beag-scála a thógáil. Ar an mbonn sin, cuirfear síos ar an spéisiall ghréasáin chun infheistíocht a n-ardú, úsáid uirlisí a mhéadú, agus ról 35 kV stáisiúin a laghdú. Tá na stáisiúin deonacha na hIndinise móra-scála, le costais infheistíochta agus uirlisí ard, agus tréimhsí tosaíochta fada, agus tá feabhas a dhéanamh ar roghnú agus socrú uirlisí deonacha riachtanach.

Intégraíonn an GIS ilchruthaithe amuigh sa tsráid bricfeastaí agus scuabóirí, ag úsáid busáir ghnách. Leis an bhrí seo, is féidir lámhainí a laghdú agus uirlisí amuigh sa tsráid, agus mar thoradh, ardú a dhéanamh ar éifeachtacht úsáide talaimh sa réimse áirithe. Mar sin féin, déanann an modh GIS ilchruthaithe éascaí a dhéanamh ar shuiteáil agus leathnú, ag cur go mianúil suiteáil agus coimeád uirlisí i réimsí sléibhte agus cnoic.

Tá clár aerach aige ag Indinise, le linnithe aitheanta, agus tá córais intleachta ag iarraidh riachtanais comhshaoil forleathana. In Indinise, forbríonn córas intleachta gnótha gan dóchas gur idir 5% - 95% teideal eiteach agus teocht comhshaoil idir -5 - 55°C, gan fuaran a chur ar aon rud. Chun fánú, diúltú uisce, agus cosaint in aghaidh crónachais a bhaint amach do chórais intleachta amuigh sa tsráid, úsáideann an staidéar seo an modh aircí a chur ar an taobh dorcha dorais an chúlra.

Maidir leis an gciorcalú príomh-leictreach, tá sé tábhachtach a chinntiú gur éiginéach, éifeachtach, inmheánach, agus slán é le linn a chur i bhfeidhm. Do chiorcalú príomh-bhusáire 110 kV, úsáidtear go minic ciorcalú sceidealta nó ciorcalú droichead. Tá níos lú bricfeastaí agus níos ísle infheistíocht ag ciorcalú droichead, ach níos lag é a chumas déantusa, agus is é a n-ardú an deacracht a dhéanamh ar athruithe agus leathnú tar éis sin. Mar sin, úsáideann an staidéar seo bricfeastaí chun an busáire a sceideal. Leis an bhrí seo, nuair a tharlaíonn deifect ar cheann de na sceidealta, is féidir na sceidealta eile leanúint ar aghaidh ag tabhairt cumhachta, ag cosaint seirbhís slán. Tá ciorcalú sceidealta príomh-bhusáire níos simplí, le níos lú uirlisí, agus é a chumas déantusa agus inmheánachta ard. Tá struchtúr an stáisiúin intleachta nua-aimseartha léirste sa Léargas 1.

I gcroílár an stáisiúin, tá an transformálaí mar uirlis ríthábhachtach ag imirt ról mór i ndéanamh maith. Ag smaoineamh ar chostais infheistíochta agus scéalta úsáide, úsáideann an tionscadal seo córas monatóireachta gasa dissoltá in olainn agus córas monatóireachta cúrsa gréine gréine. An chéad cheann, ag costas thart ar 200,000 RMB, tá sé ag déanamh monatóireachta ar eiteach intreacht an phríomh-thransformála, agus an dara ceann ag déanamh monatóireachta réalaí ar chúrsa gréine gréine. Tá an dá theicneolaíocht seo forleathan agus forleathan i úsáid.

Intégraíonn an transformálaí intleachtach uirlisí príomha agus deara, agus tá sé in ann a dhéanamh aisteoireachta stádas agus méid a chur ar an stádas oibríochta. Chun cabhrú le hoibriú laethúil agus coimeád siollaí agus laghdú ar oibriú coimeád, roghnaítear an modh aer-choimeád olainn chun an transformálaí príomha a chur go mianúil.

Intégraíonn an GIS ilchruthaithe bricfeastaí, scuabóirí, agus transfoirmálaí corrúcháin i n-aon eintíocht, ag éifeachtú an próiseáil athshuiteála trí laghdú ar líon na nuachta. Mar sin féin, tá an GIS ilchruthaithe amuigh sa tsráid ag plé le níos lú uirlisí agus lámhainí, agus tá sé níos slán agus níos forleathana, agus tá sé ag obair go mianúil sa réimse áirithe. Is 126 kV spéisiall GIS bay uirlisí, agus is 2000 A an spéisiall corrúcháin. Gach GIS bay uirlisí ilchruthaithe a chomhthéacs, sensors, cúlraí intleachta, agus uirlisí monatóireachta stádas SF₆ gas. Is féidir leis na uirlisí seo monatóireacht a dhéanamh ar stádas an ghais agus ar oibriú uirlisí, ag cur go mianúil tomhas digiteach, comhthéacs fhaisnéise, agus cuardaí stádas do uirlisí corrúcháin airde.

Feabhas a Chur ar Tháirgeadh Deisce agus Socrú Ginearálta

Sa staidéar stáisiúin intleachta reatha, roghnaíodh cúlraí intleachta agus GIS ilchruthaithe coimeád-chruinnthe de réir an torduithe a chur ar an tseata do dhá chúlra. Ach, is é an modh seo a chuiríonn go leor loipeanna cábail a chruinneadh, agus is é an modh seo nach bhfuil sé mianúil don oibriú laethúil. Mar sin, is féidir an ciorcalú deara agus meicniúil GIS ilchruthaithe a chur i n-aon eintíocht. Leis an bhrí seo, is féidir a chur i n-aon eintíocht trí chur i n-aon eintíocht an cúlra intleachta, loipeanna interlock, loipeanna anti-trip, agus loipeanna neamh-in-phás.

Is é an trí príomh-aspect a chabhraíonn le feabhas a chur ar chúlraí intleachta: (1) Simplifying the circuit by replacing hard-wiring logic with local terminal software logic; (2) Enabling bay-to-bay communication through intelligent terminals and substation event-oriented object technology; (3) Adopting an integrated design of intelligent terminals and circuit breaker control circuits to reduce redundant functions such as pressure interlocking loops. In addition to these circuit improvements, the layout of intelligent terminals within the original control-gathering cabinets is retained, and the connections between intelligent control-gathering cabinets and corresponding equipment are optimized.

The design scheme proposed in this study adopts the modular prefabricated cabin model. The layout of the substation should be based on the natural conditions and engineering requirements of the target area, and possess advantages such as safety, reliability, environmental friendliness, fire protection, and convenient operation and maintenance. In the target area, 110 kV distribution equipment and main transformers are arranged from north to south. To meet transportation requirements, a circular fire-fighting passage is set up within the substation, and on-site equipment installation utilizes a minimized layout. Through this layout, 18% of the land area can be saved. The general layout of the distribution equipment in the design scheme is shown in Figure 2.

In terms of optimization of distribution dimensions

The design scheme proposed in the research arranges hybrid GIS equipment in two rows, and the 110 kV distribution equipment adopts outdoor aluminum-magnesium alloy support tube busbars. The standard sectional bay layout typically features a linear arrangement of soft conduit busbars at both ends, which occupies a large amount of lateral space. Thanks to the integration of hybrid GIS equipment, its layout is more compact. The research sets the lateral dimension of the sectional bay at 8 m, which is 2 m shorter than before. The standard longitudinal length is 39 m. To optimize the longitudinal dimension, the proposed scheme uses integrated equipment, removes the incoming line structure, and modifies the busbar framework, thereby reducing the occupation of longitudinal space. Through these two improvements, the longitudinal dimension in the scheme is 25.2 m, 13.8 m shorter than the standard length, effectively reducing the space occupied by the equipment.

Performance and Cost Analysis of Intelligent Prefabricated Substations

After the construction of the prefabricated substation is completed, relevant commissioning steps need to be carried out to ensure that the functions of each device can meet the design requirements and enable normal communication between the devices and software. The experiment records and analyzes data such as the current, voltage values, active power, transformer temperature, and power factor of each switch in the prefabricated substation to ensure the stable operation of the substation equipment. Among them, the transformer temperature values at different time periods are shown in Figure 3.

By observing Figure 3(a), it can be found that the temperature values of phase A, phase B, and phase C all remain in a relatively stable state. The temperature of phase B is the highest, reaching 43.6 °C from 8:31 to 8:32; the temperature of phase A varies between 42.0 - 43.2 °C; and the temperature of phase C remains around 42.5 °C. In Figure 3(b), the variation in the transformer temperature values collected in the afternoon is also relatively small. Due to environmental changes, the overall temperature values of phase A, phase B, and phase C are higher than the morning measurement values but still within the normal temperature range. At 14:32, the temperature value of phase B is 44.1 °C, and at this time, the temperature values of phase A and phase C are 42.9 °C and 42.6 °C respectively. Throughout the entire measurement period, the lowest temperature of phase C is 42.2 °C and the highest is 43.7 °C, while the temperature of phase A fluctuates within the range of 42.6 - 43.8 °C.

Analysis of the on-site test data shows that the data of the prefabricated substation all meet the design requirements and comply with relevant acceptance standards. In terms of economic utility, based on the life-cycle cost theory, the experiment analyzes and calculates the various costs of the 110 kV distribution equipment, and selects the air-insulated switchgear scheme for comparison. The comparison results are shown in Figure 4.

In Figure 4, the upfront investment cost for the optimized hybrid GIS design scheme is 2.413 million RMB, which is 0.133 million RMB higher than that of the air-insulated switchgear scheme. This is mainly because the equipment procurement cost of the hybrid GIS design scheme is higher than that of the air-insulated switchgear scheme, and the installation engineering cost is also slightly higher.

During the operation and maintenance phase, the required cost proportion is relatively small. Since the substation of the optimized hybrid GIS design scheme is an unmanned substation, only a small amount of regular manual inspections are needed, which reduces the daily operation and maintenance costs. Therefore, the operation and maintenance cost is much lower than that of the air-insulated switchgear scheme.

The annual failure probability of the optimized hybrid GIS design scheme has been significantly reduced, resulting in a notable decrease in maintenance costs. Moreover, its demolition cost is only 89% of that of the air-insulated switchgear scheme. Considering all factors, the present value of the life-cycle cost of the optimized hybrid GIS design scheme is 0.549 million RMB lower than that of the air-insulated switchgear scheme. Additionally, the 110 kV GIS intelligent substation scheme is superior to the conventional air-insulated switchgear scheme.

Conclusion

In order to conserve urban land resources, shorten the construction period, and enhance the economic efficiency and reliability of prefabricated substations, this research proposes an outdoor hybrid GIS design scheme that integrates circuit breakers and disconnectors. By optimizing the circuit and adopting single-busbar sectional wiring, and optimizing the overall layout, the number of failures is reduced and the maintenance cost is lowered.

The test results show that during the collection of transformer temperature, the temperature values of phase A, phase B, and phase C remain relatively stable. In the morning, the temperature of phase A varies between 42.0 - 43.2 °C, while that of phase C stays around 42.5 °C. In the afternoon, the temperature of phase C ranges from a minimum of 42.2 °C to a maximum of 43.7 °C, and the temperature of phase A fluctuates between 42.6 °C and 43.8 °C. The data of the prefabricated substation meet the design requirements and comply with relevant acceptance standards.

In the life-cycle cost analysis, although the upfront investment cost of the optimized hybrid GIS design scheme is 2.413 million RMB, 0.133 million RMB higher than that of the air-insulated switchgear scheme, the optimized hybrid GIS design scheme requires only a small amount of regular manual inspections. This reduces the daily operation and maintenance costs, making the operation and maintenance cost much lower than that of the air-insulated switchgear scheme, and significantly reducing the maintenance cost as well. Calculations show that the present value of the life-cycle cost of the optimized hybrid GIS design scheme is 0.549 million RMB lower than that of the air-insulated switchgear scheme, demonstrating that the optimized 110 kV GIS intelligent substation scheme is superior to the conventional air-insulated switchgear scheme.

However, this research only analyzes and optimizes the primary substation design. In the future, a more comprehensive intelligent design for secondary substations needs to be carried out by comprehensively considering communication and land construction.