Don samun fadada tushen kimiyya ko tushen ingantaccen bayanai, yana bukata da masu lumi na tattalin arziki na manyan. Tattalin arziki na manyan shine mafi tsarin da za a iya tabbatar da ba tara wani abu ba. Wadannan babban tattalin arziki suna cikin kadan:
Takam
Takam mai sani
Nau'o'in takam daga harkar zuwa harkar
Mafashin takam mai sani
Takam mai gadi
Takam mai gadi mai sani
Zumunci
Ko'ina
Gaskiya
Ko'inta
Dakuna
Takam mai gadi
Takam mai gadi ko abu shine mafi yawan kuli da yake kan alamar volume. Ana nufin shi a matsayin alamar mass da volume. Ana nuna shi a cikin "ρ". Alamar shi a SI system shine Kg/m3.
Idan, m shine mass mai abu a Kg, V shine volume mai abu a meter3.
Saboda haka, Takam mai gadi,
Ana nufin shi a matsayin alama da ke divide takam mai gadi da takam mai gadi mai sani. Babu alamar shi. Idan, ana kiran shi da sunan takam mai sani. Don samun takam mai sani, ana yi amfani da ruwa a matsayin abu mai sani.
Akwai harkokin uku a cikin abu: harkar dukawa, harkar ruwa, harkar zafi. Nau'o'in takam daga harkar zuwa harkar shine takam da ake amfani da ita don harkar zuwa harkar.
Nau'o'in takam daga harkar zuwa harkar sun hada da:
Melting point-Shi ne takam (a oC ko K) da ake amfani da ita don harkar dukawa zuwa harkar ruwa.
Boiling point-Shi ne takam (a oC ko K) da ake amfani da ita don harkar ruwa zuwa harkar zafi.
Freezing point-Shi ne takam (a oC ko K) da ake amfani da ita don harkar ruwa zuwa harkar dukawa. A halittu, shi ya fi dace da melting point. Amma, a yi aiki, zai iya kasance wani gabas.
Idan an saukar abu, zai ci, saboda haka zai canza tsari. Mafashin takam mai sani, sun nuna canzan tsari a cikin abu da saukar. Mafashin takam mai sani sun hada da:
Mafashin takam mai sani mai tsari
Kananan tsari mai abu da saukar an nuna a matsayin "Mafashin takam mai sani mai tsari". Ana nuna shi a cikin “αL”
Amsa, ‘l’ shine tsari mai abu, ‘Δl’ shine canzan tsari, ‘Δt’ shine canzan takam. Alamar αL shine per oC.
Mafashin takam mai sani mai tsakiyar
Kananan tsakiyar mai abu da saukar an nuna a matsayin "Mafashin takam mai sani mai tsakiyar". Ana nuna shi a cikin “αA”.
Amsa, ‘l’ shine tsari mai abu, ‘ΔA’ shine canzan tsakiyar, ‘Δt’ shine canzan takam. Alamar αA shine per oC.
Mafashin takam mai sani mai volume
Kananan volume mai abu da saukar an nuna a matsayin "Mafashin takam mai sani mai volume". Ana nuna shi a cikin “αV”
Amsa, ‘l’ shine tsari mai abu, ‘ΔV’ shine canzan volume, ‘Δt’ shine canzan takam. Alamar αA shine per oC.
Takam mai gadi mai abu shine mafi yawan kuli da yake kan alamar temperature da yake kan unit mass mai abu da 1oC. Ana nuna shi a cikin ‘S’.
Amsa, m shine mass mai abu a Kg. Q shine mafi yawan kuli da aka bayar a abu a Joule. Δt shine canzan temperature. Alamar takam mai gadi a SI system shine Joule/Kg oC.