Me kowane da Flexible AC Transmission Systems?

Maa nan Flexible AC Transmission Systems?

Taifi da FACTS

Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) suna cewa suke amfani da power electronics don samun inganci da kuma ziyarta masu tattalin arziki a cikin juyunkunan tattalin arziki na AC.

• Abubuwan da suka shafi FACTS

• Kawo yawan ziyarwa mai sauƙi

• Yara ziyarwa a cikin lamsuwar tattalin arziki mai gajeru

• Damping of active power oscillations

• Kawo yawan ziyarwa a cikin meshed systems

Wannan ya ba su da kyau a samun dalilai da taimakawa tattalin arziki na baya da gaba. Da Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), companies masu tattalin arziki za su iya amfani da hanyoyin da ke daban-daban, zama mafi tsabta da kula da tattalin arziki, kuma zama mafi nasara a cikin dalilai da taimakawa na gajeru, ta haka ta tabbatar da inganci mai kyau a tushen tattalin arziki.

Tsunan Tsarin Ziyarwa mai Tabbacin Arziki a Cikin Tattalin Arziki

Kawo Yawan Tabbacin Arziki

Akwai abubuwa masu tattalin arziki na musamman suna bukata kan tabbacin arziki wanda yake yi, wanda yake saukar da tsaron tattalin arziki da kuma yawanci a cikin tattalin arziki. Don haka da ba a faruwa tsayowan kirkiro ko kudaden arziki, wannan tabbacin arziki ya kamata a kawo. Ana iya bayar da inductive ko capacitive reactive power da reactors ko capacitors. Kawo yawan tabbacin arziki mai sauƙi da kuma mai kyau, a amfani da thyristor-switched and thyristor-controlled components, ya zama mafi nasara a cikin samun inganci da kula da tattalin arziki, ta haka ta kawo mechanical switches mai yawan gida.

Nemowa Tsarin Tabbacin Arziki

Tsarin tabbacin arziki sun nemo:

• Yawan tsaron tattalin arziki

• Yawan kudaden plant installations

• Yawan kudaden operashion

• Yawan darajar da suka faruwa a cikin tattalin arziki

• Degradation of load performance at under voltage

• Risk of insulation breakdown at over-voltage

• Yawan ziyarwa

• Steady-state and dynamic stability limits

Parallel and Series

Fig. Ya nuna abubuwan da suka fi sani a yanzu shi ne shunt compensation devices, tsarin suka yi wa muhimmanci a cikin tattalin arziki, da kuma halayen da ake amfani da su.

Fig.: The active power/ transmission angle equation illustrates which FACTS components selectively influence which transmission parameters.

Protection and Control Systems

Don samun yawan amfani da redundancy management, an gina modules masu yawan gida don taimaka SIMATIC TDC automation system. Wanannan modules sun bayar da triggering signals zuwa thyristor valves da kuma suna haɗa a lokaci da technology na baya.

SIMATIC TDC’s flexible interface design allows it to replace existing systems easily. This integration can be done with minimal delay, ensuring measured values from old systems are processed by the new control system. The space efficiency of SIMATIC TDC also allows parallel configuration with existing systems.

Human Machine Interface.The interface between the operator and the plant .(HMI = Human Machine Interface) is the standardized.SIMATIC Win CC visualization system, which further simplifies operation and facilitates the adaptation of graphical user interfaces to the operator’s requirements.

Hardware for Control and Protection

Siemens offers the latest in control and protection for FACTS – the tried and tested SIMATIC TDC (Technology and Drive Control) automation system. SIMATIC TDC is used worldwide in almost every industry and has been proven in both production and process engineering as well as in many HVDC and FACTS applications. 

Operating personnel and project planning engineers work exclusively with a standardized, universal hardware and software platform, enabling them to perform demanding tasks more rapidly. One of the main considerations in developing this automation system was to ensure the highest degree of availability of the FACTS – which is why all control and protection systems, as well as the communication links, are configured redundantly (if requested by the customer).

The new instrumentation and control technology also permits the use of a high-performance fault recorder operating at a 25 kHz sampling rate. New instrumentation and control technology reduces the period between fault recording and the printout of the fault report from several minutes (previously) to 10 seconds (now).

Converter for FACTS

LTT – Light Triggered Thyristors

Thyristors control passive components in reactive power compensation systems. Siemens’ direct light triggering system activates thyristors with a 10-microsecond light pulse at 40 milliwatts. This device includes overvoltage protection, making it self-protecting if forward voltage exceeds limits.

 The light pulse travels through fiber optics from the valve control to the thyristor gate. Conventional systems use electrically triggered thyristors, requiring pulses of several watts generated by nearby electronic equipment. Direct light triggering reduces electrical components in the thyristor valve by 80%, improving reliability and electromagnetic compatibility. Additionally, the new thyristor technology ensures long-term availability of electronic components for at least 30 years.

Thyristor valves from Siemens are assembled from 4-inch or 5-inch thyristors, depending on the current- carrying capacity/rated current required. Thyristor technology has been under constant development since the early 1960s. At present, thyristors can safely and economically handle blocking voltages of up to 8-kilovolts and rated currents of up to 4,200 amperes.