Gidadi na aikin automatin tashar karamin kuli da zaɓe ta masu iya ƙunshi ciki a tsakirin karamin kuli

Sistem otomasi steshin (SAS), sapene na sunan, yana nuna yadda ya iya kawo girma ga abubuwa masu girmi don hukumomin sahi. Abubuwan da suka girmi suna da muhimmanci wajen haifar da amfani da tushen jirgin samar da tattalin arziki. Abubuwan da suke yi, amma ba su bi daidai, sun hada da takardun, cikakken bayanai, ingantaccen, kontrol, da tattaunawa masu girmi.

Daga baya, Ana amfani da Uniton Masu Tattaunawa Daban-Daban (RTUs) ne kawai a matsayin mafi girman bayan dukkan alamun tushen jirgin samar a steshinin da tushen kananan zamantakewa na tattalin arziki don tattalin masu girmi (tambayata Figure 1 a nan).

Wadannan unitun suka da manyan masukan da fitocin, suna da muhimmanci a matsayin mafarin tattaunawa zuwa birnin kontrol masu girmi. Uniton Masu Tattaunawa Daban-Daban (RTUs) da Birnin Kontrol Masu Girmi (NCC) suna dole waɗannan suka dole Sistem Ingantaccen Kontrol da Cikakken Bayanai (SCADA), kamar yadda aka sanya a Figure 1.

Akwai abubuwan da dama da suka fiye da SAS:

• Kawo girman kontrol ta tsari (Load Tap Changer Control)

• Ingantaccen kayan aiki masu jirgin samar, likitoci, likitofin, tushen, generator, da wasu kayan aiki.

• Yin interlocks da mekanisin girmi na tushen jirgin samar.

• Babbar bayanai zuwa birnin kontrol.

• Tuka shawarwari na tushen jirgin samar a cikin kasa ko karkashin.

• Bayyana tattaunawa da wasu steshin (intra - steshin) da birnin kontrol masu girmi.

Misali, abubuwan da dama a SAS suna da zama mai kawo girma don taka shawarwarin kayan aiki ko kisan hankali. Wadannan abubuwan suna da ma'ana da kayan aiki da dama (kamar tushen jirgin samar, tushen, instrument transformers, etc.) da kayan aiki na biyu (kamar protective relays, merging units, intelligent electronic devices).

Figure 1 - Sistem Otomasi Steshin: Kaya a Sistem SCADA Na Turanci

Saboda haka, sabbin hanyoyin da kaya da wasu kayan aiki suka zama maye, wanda ya bukatar yawan aiki da lokacin da ake yi aiki da aiki, karfi, fadada, ko karo. An yi isararsa don kadan hanyoyin da kaya da kaya a matsayin tattaunawan tare da tare a tsohon steshin. Wannan suna taka wannan a matsayin kayan aiki da aka yi da ake kara a kan abokan steshin.

Kungiyoyin da dama, ciki har da kungiyoyin da ba suka ci gida kamar Utility Communication Architecture (UCA) wanda an samu daga abokan steshin da marubucin, suna da zama mai kawo girma don taka tattaunawan steshin. Suna da zama mai kawo girma don taka tattaunawan steshin don taka ingantaccen da ake yi da ake kara, suna da zama mai kawo girma don taka kaya a cikin steshin da karkashin steshin.

Kaya a SAS na steshin ana dogara da tsohon steshin, tsohon bay, da tsohon aiki (kamar yadda aka sanya a Figure 2). Wadannan dogon suka da damar aiki. A tushen tushen jirgin samar, za a zama mai yawa da SAS a tushen tushen jirgin samar da tushen tushen tattalin arziki.

A steshin masu zamani, tsohon bay yana da damar aiki, amma a lokacin da tushen SAS, babu wani yanayin da ake sani a tsohon bay.

Gaskiya, senson suka oya rayuwar da tsari da tsari mai yawa. Ana amfani da current transformers (CTs) da voltage transformers (VTs) don kawo girman tsari da tsari mai yawa zuwa tsari da tsari masu sadarwa, wanda suka zama mafi girman relay inputs. Tsari da tsari masu sadarwa suna da 5A (1A a Turai) da 120 Volts. Mafi girman ingantaccen suka da zama mai kawo girma don taka ingantaccen.

Figure 2 - Kaya a SAS na tsohon steshin, tsohon bay, da tsohon aiki

Wadannan kayan aiki suna da zama mai kawo girma don taka tsari da tsari, suna da zama mai kawo girma don taka sadarwa masu ingantaccen, kamar tsari a karkashin tushen Extra High Voltage (EHV)/High Voltage (HV). Idan wani paramita ya kawo kimanin rike (pickup setting), mafi girman ingantaccen zai yi da tarihin aiki ko algorithmin kontrol. Gaskiya, idan akwai wani abu, ake bayyana signal zuwa tushen jirgin samar don kara likitoci ko jirgin samar.