Karamin Kirki da Karamin Duniya: Fahimtar Tushen Abubuwa da Haddadin Inganci

Za ta haka shine Ground Fault da Earth Fault?

Ground Fault:

Yana faru ground fault idan yana faru zin lanta (fault) na gaba tare da masu shiga kai zuwa ground ko neutral point. A cikin wannan fault, yana nuna kadan mai zurfi zuwa ground. Yana iya faru a fannon da dama, kamar single line-to-ground fault (L-G), double line-to-ground fault (LL-G), ko three line-to-ground fault (LLL-G).

Ground faults suna da muhimmanci saboda suka iya ba da jagoranci da ya fi yawa a kan kadan fault. Idan ba a yi clear shi a wani lokacin da aka sani, wannan kadan da ya fi yawa yana iya ba da sarrafa abin da ya fi tsarki a kan yanayin system power, kamar transformers, cables, da switchgear. Saboda haka, detection da isolation da za su karin ground faults suna da muhimmanci ga protection da safety.

Note:

Ground point ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a kan source da kuma a yi grounding da shi daidai. Kuma, idan masu shiga kai ta samu contact da ground (kamar yadda ake samu zuwa earth), yana bazu hanyar da ba a yi shiga ba zuwa ground. Wannan alammar da ake kira shine earth fault—wani abu daga cikin open-circuit ko leakage fault inda kadan ya nuna zuwa ground.

Sabbin Ground Faults:

• Insulation failure: Degradation ko loss of dielectric properties a kan insulation saboda aging, overheating, ko contamination.

• Physical damage to underground cables: Damage mechanical a kan excavation ko construction, ko water ingress a kan cable trenches, wanda ke taimaka wa insulation breakdown.

• Cable overload: Kadan mai yawa wanda ke taimaka wa overheating, wanda ke iya maza ko cut conductor, tare da shi zuwa ground.

• Natural disturbances:

• Trees falling onto power lines.

• Water accumulation ko flow over insulators, causing flashover.

• Animals ko birds simultaneously touching a live conductor and a grounded structure, creating a conductive path.

Protection Against Ground Faults:

Don haka kuje system power, an amfani da relays protective don detect abnormal conditions da kuma initiate tripping of the associated circuit breaker.

Instrument transformers—such as Current Transformers (CTs) and Potential Transformers (PTs)—are used to measure system current and voltage, respectively. These signals are fed to protective relays, which compare the measured values against pre-set thresholds.

Idan kadan ko voltage ta yi takaitaccen preset limit, relay yana activate, sending a trip signal to the circuit breaker to isolate the faulty section and clear the fault.

Common relays used for ground fault protection include:

• Current-based relays:

• Overcurrent Relay

• Instantaneous Overcurrent Relay

• Earth Fault Relay

• Voltage-based relays:

• Overvoltage Relay

• Overfluxing Relay

Earth fault:

An earth fault is a type of open-circuit fault that occurs when a current-carrying cable or conductor breaks and comes into contact with the earth or with a conductive material that is in contact with the earth. In such a scenario, under radial power flow conditions, the load end of the system becomes disconnected from the source.