Misali a matsayin yadda ake tafiya aiki na karamin zafi?

Hukuma na Ilimin Karamin Enerji

Hukuma na Ilimin Karamin Enerji shi ne matsayin siffar da dama a sayoyin fiziki wanda yake cewa karamin enerji a cikin sistem mai hankali yana cikin gaba. Haka musu, ba zan iya kafa ko kafara enerji; zan iya kare karkashin wannan kimanin zuwa wani abu na biyu ko kada tsari.

1. Tushen

Hukuma na Ilimin Karamin Enerji zan iya bayyana haka:

A cikin sistem mai hankali, karamin enerji yana cikin gaba a cikin wani abu.

Enerji zan iya kare karkashin wannan kimanin zuwa wani abu na biyu, amma karamin enerji na sistem yana cikin gaba.

2. Ingantaccen Bayanai

Hukuma na Ilimin Karamin Enerji zan iya bayyana ingantacce haka:

E initial=E final

idani:

• E initial  ita ce karamin enerji na sistem a lokacin farko.

• E final  ita ce karamin enerji na sistem a lokacin tsohon.

Idan an yi aiki, za a rubuta likitoci haka:

E initial +W=E final

idani W yana nufin aiki da ake yi ko da a system.

3. Tsarin Enerji

Enerji yana cikin manyan tsari, gabatar da:

• Kinetik Enerji: Enerji da mutum ke da shi saboda fadada, tare da kungiyar K= 1/2 mv2 , idani m ita ce miyar abubuwan da mutum ke da shi da v ita ce fasahar fadada.

•  Potential Enerji: Enerji da mutum ke da shi saboda tsari ko abin da shi, kamar potential enerji na jirgin sama U=mgh, idani m ita ce miyar abubuwan, g ita ce fasahar jirgin sama, da h ita ce tsari; ko potential enerji na kayayyakin U= 1/2 kx2 , idani k ita ce kayayyakin kayayya da x ita ce fuskantar kayayya.

• Thermal Enerji: Enerji da ake da shi saboda fadada rayuwar mutane.

• Chemical Enerji: Enerji da ake da shi a cikin kayayyakin kimia, da ake baza a cikin abubuwan kimia (kamar kayayyaki).

• Electrical Enerji: Enerji da ake samu saboda fadada karamin kula.

• Nuclear Enerji: Enerji da ake da shi a cikin nuclei, da ake baza a cikin nuclear fission ko fusion.

4. Misauna na Ilimin Karamin Enerji

• Free Fall: Idan abu ya haɗa da tsari, potential enerji na jirgin sama ta zai kare karkashin wannan kimanin zuwa kinetik enerji. Idan ba a duba aikin sama, kinetik enerji na abu a lokacin da ta tafi zuwa zamani yana cikin gaba da potential enerji na jirgin sama na farko.

• Spring Oscillator: A cikin kayayyakin spring-mass mai hankali, potential enerji na kayayya ta zai cikin gaba a lokacin da abu ta fiye da tsari, amma duk enerji ta zai kinetik a lokacin da abu ta fiye da tsari. Daga baya har zuwa baya, karamin mechanical energy ta zai cikin gaba.

• Friction and Heat: Idan abubuwa biyu suka haɗa da kafin aiki, mechanical energy zan iya kare karkashin wannan kimanin zuwa thermal energy. Hakanan mechanical energy ya zama, amma karamin enerji (mechanical + thermal) ta zai cikin gaba.

5. Tasiri na Hukuma na Ilimin Karamin Enerji

• Engineering: A cikin cin lokaci, electrical systems, heat engines, etc., Hukuma na Ilimin Karamin Enerji ta amfani a matsayin don neman aiki, fitarwa, da kuma effishencin conversion.

• Physics Research: A cikin ma'adarri kamar particle physics da astrophysics, Hukuma na Ilimin Karamin Enerji yana da muhimmanci wajen fahimtar manyan misauna a cikin alam.

• Everyday Life: Hukuma na Ilimin Karamin Enerji ta bayyana manyan misauna na ranar, kamar hakan yana aiki engine da mutum ke yi, charging da discharging na batteries, etc.

6. Ilimin Karamin Enerji da Hukuma na First Law of Thermodynamics

Hukuma na Ilimin Karamin Enerji shi ne siffar da dama na First Law of Thermodynamics, wanda yake cewa gwargwadon internal energy na system yana da kyau da karamin jiki da ake baze a cikin system minus aiki da ake yi a kan system:

ΔU=Q−W

idani:

• ΔU ita ce gwargwadon internal energy na system.

• Q ita ce karamin jiki da ake baze a cikin system.

• W ita ce aiki da ake yi a kan system.

First Law of Thermodynamics shi ne kadan da ake amfani Hukuma na Ilimin Karamin Enerji a cikin thermodynamic systems.

7. Hadadi na Hukuma na Ilimin Karamin Enerji

Idan Hukuma na Ilimin Karamin Enerji shi ne da muhimmanci a cikin fiziki na classical, a wasu wurare da ake da karfin sauƙi—kamar fadada masu sauƙi, jirgin sama masu sauƙi, ko kuma a quantum scale—relativity da quantum mechanics sun bayyana ilimin karamin enerji da tushen da take da sauƙi. Misalai, a special relativity, mass da enerji suna iya kare karkashin wannan kimanin, kamar yadda ake bayyana a equation ta:

Muhimmiyar

Hukuma na Ilimin Karamin Enerji shi ne kadan da dama na ilimin dabba, wanda yake cewa karamin enerji a cikin sistem mai hankali yana cikin gaba, haka musu, yana iya cikin manyan tsari da kare karkashin wannan kimanin zuwa wani abu na biyu. Hukuma na ya shahara a cikin fiziki, engineering, ranar, da sauran ma'adarin ilimi.