Pin za USB
Mwongozo wa Kukamilisha kwa USB 2.0, 3.0, na 3.1 (USB-C) Connectors
"Maelezo kamili ya pinout diagrams na maelezo tekniki kwa aina zote muhimu za viungo vya USB, ikizingatia Standard-A, B, Mini, Micro, na USB-C."
Hii rujuku yenye mtandao inatoa maelezo kwa undani ya mizizi ya pin za viungo vya USB, faida za ishara, kiwango cha voltage, na uwekezaji wa rangi kwa kila kitufe: USB 2.0, USB 3.0, na USB 3.1 (Type-C). Taarifa zote zinazofuata masharti rasmi kutoka USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF).
Ikiwa ni vizuri kwa wanaume, wafanyikazi, wanaamuzi, na wanafunzi wanaotumia mifumo imevinywa, elektroniki DIY, au usambazaji wa vifaa.
Nini ni USB?
Universal Serial Bus (USB) ni kifungo kimewahusishwa kwa kutengeneza majanga kwa kompyuta na vifaa vya haraka. Ina msaidizi:
Uthibitishaji wa data
Uwasilishaji wa nguvu (hadia 240W katika USB PD)
Kuondokana na vifaa
Hot-swapping
Kila tofauti ya USB hutambua maswala mapya:
USB 2.0: hadi 480 Mbps
USB 3.0: hadi 5 Gbps
USB 3.1 Gen 2: hadi 10 Gbps
USB 3.2 / USB4: hadi 40 Gbps
Viungo vya kimtaro vikingachanganya kwa aina na kitufe, lakini yote yanafuata utaratibu wa pin wa kutosha.
Maelezo ya Aina za Viungo vya USB
| Connector | Pins | Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| USB 2.0 A/B | 4 pins | Hosts, printers, keyboards |
| Mini/Micro USB 2.0 | 5 pins | Older phones, cameras |
| USB 3.0 A/B | 9/11 pins | High-speed data, external drives |
| Micro USB 3.0 | 10 pins | Smartphones, tablets |
| USB 3.1 C (USB-C) | 24 pins | Reversible, high-power, fast data |
Note: USB-C supports reversibility, dual-role operation, and Power Delivery (PD).
USB 2.0 – Standard A & B Connectors
Standard A: Standard B: ┌─────────┐ ┌─────────┐ │ 4 3 2 1 │ │ 1 2 │ └─────────┘ └─────────┘ ↑ ↑ Plug View Plug View
Mizizi ya Pin (4-Pin)
| Pin | Signal | Color Code | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | VCC (+5V) | Red | Uwasilishaji wa nguvu (hadia 500mA) |
| 2 | Data - (D-) | White | Siri tofauti ya data (-) |
| 3 | Data + (D+) | Green | Siri tofauti ya data (+) |
| 4 | Ground | Black | Rudufu la ishara na nguvu |
Mawasiliano full-duplex kutumia ishara tofauti
Hakuna usalama wa ESD upande wa host? Tumia diodes TVS!
Mini/Micro USB 2.0 – Standard A & B
Standard A: Standard B: ┌───────┐ ┌───────┐ │ 1 2 3 4 5 │ │ 1 2 3 4 5 │ └───────┘ └───────┘
Mizizi ya Pin (5-Pin)
| Pin | Signal | Function |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | VCC (+5V) | Uwasilishaji wa nguvu |
| 2 | Data - (D-) | Data negative ya USB 2.0 |
| 3 | Data + (D+) | Data positive ya USB 2.0 |
| 4 | None | Utafsiri wa host: unatumika kuongeza ground katika hosts, open katika devices |
| 5 | Ground | Ground moja |
Pin 4 huwezesha utafsiri wa awamu kati ya host na slave
Inatumika katika simu za zamani, GPS units, na kamere za digital
USB 3.0 – Standard A & B Connectors
USB 3.0 A (9-Pin)
Plug View: ┌─────────────┐ │ 5 6 7 8 9 │ │ 4 3 2 1 │ └─────────────┘
| Pin | Signal | Function |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | VCC (+5V) | Uwasilishaji wa nguvu |
| 2 | D- | Data negative ya USB 2.0 |
| 3 | D+ | Data positive ya USB 2.0 |
| 4 | GND | Power ground |
| 5 | RX2- | Line ya kupokea ya USB 3.0 (-) |
| 6 | RX2+ | Line ya kupokea ya USB 3.0 (+) |
| 7 | GND | Signal ground |
| 8 | TX2- | Line ya kutuma ya USB 3.0 (-) |
| 9 | TX2+ | Line ya kutuma ya USB 3.0 (+) |
Compatible nyuma na USB 2.0
Speed: Hadi 5 Gbps (SuperSpeed)
USB 3.0 B (11-Pin)
Plug View: ┌─────────────┐ │ 9 8 7 6 5 │ │ 10 11 │ │ 4 3 │ └─────────────┘
| Pin | Signal | Function |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | VCC (+5V) | Uwasilishaji wa nguvu |
| 2 | D- | Data negative ya USB 2.0 |
| 3 | D+ | Data positive ya USB 2.0 |
| 4 | GND | Power ground |
| 5 | TX2- | Line ya kutuma ya USB 3.0 (-) |
| 6 | TX2+ | Line ya kutuma ya USB 3.0 (+) |
| 7 | GND | Signal ground |
| 8 | RX2- | Line ya kupokea ya USB 3.0 (-) |
| 9 | RX2+ | Line ya kupokea ya USB 3.0 (+) |
| 10 | DPWR | Power provided by device (e.g., bus-powered hub) |
| 11 | GND | Return for DPWR |
Rarely used; replaced by USB-C in modern devices
Micro USB 3.0 (10-Pin)
Plug View: ┌─────────────────────┐ │ 1 0 9 8 7 6 │ │ 5 4 3 2 1 │ └─────────────────────┘
| Pin | Signal | Function |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | VCC (+5V) | Uwasilishaji wa nguvu |
| 2 | D- | Data negative ya USB 2.0 |
| 3 | D+ | Data positive ya USB 2.0 |
| 4 | ID | OTG identification (host/device role) |
| 5 | GND | Power ground |
| 6 | TX2- | Line ya kutuma ya USB 3.0 (-) |
| 7 | TX2+ | Line ya kutuma ya USB 3.0 (+) |
| 8 | GND | Signal ground |
| 9 | RX2- | Line ya kupokea ya USB 3.0 (-) |
| 10 | RX2+ | Line ya kupokea ya USB 3.0 (+) |
Used in early smartphones and tablets before USB-C adoption
Supports On-The-Go (OTG) mode
USB 3.1 Type-C (24-Pin) – Reversible Connector
Plug View (Top Side): ┌────────────────────────────┐ │ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 │ └────────────────────────────┘ │ 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 │ └────────────────────────────┘
Mizizi ya Pin (24-Pin)
| Pin | Signal | Function |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | GND (A1) | Ground |
| 2 | TX1+ (A2) | SuperSpeed transmit (+) |
| 3 | TX1- (A3) | SuperSpeed transmit (-) |
| 4 | Vbus (A4) | +5V power supply |
| 5 | CC1 (A5) | Configuration Channel (detects orientation, power roles) |
| 6 | D+ (A6) | Data positive ya USB 2.0 |
| 7 | D- (A7) | Data negative ya USB 2.0 |
| 8 | SBU1 (A8) | Sideband use (for video/audio, alternate modes) |
| 9 | Vbus (A9) | +5V power supply (second path) |
| 10 | RX2- (A10) | SuperSpeed receive (-) |
| 11 | RX2+ (A11) | SuperSpeed receive (+) |
| 12 | GND (A12) | Ground |
| 13 | GND (B12) | Ground (symmetric side) |
| 14 | RX1+ (B11) | SuperSpeed receive (+) |
| 15 | RX1- (B10) | SuperSpeed receive (-) |
| 16 | Vbus (B9) | +5V power supply |
| 17 | SBU2 (B8) | Sideband use |
| 18 | D- (B7) | Data negative ya USB 2.0 |
| 19 | D+ (B6) | Data positive ya USB 2.0 |
| 20 | CC2 (B5) | Configuration Channel (backup) |
| 21 | Vbus (B4) | +5V power supply |
| 22 | TX2- (B3) | SuperSpeed transmit (-) |
| 23 | TX2+ (B2) | SuperSpeed transmit (+) |
| 24 | GND (B1) | Ground |
Fully reversible plug
Dual-role data flow (host/device)
Supports USB Power Delivery (up to 240W)
Supports DisplayPort and HDMI via Alternate Mode
Design Tips for Engineers
Always route D+/D- as differential pairs with controlled impedance (~90Ω)
Keep Vbus trace short and wide for better current handling
Use TVS diodes on D+/D- lines for ESD protection
Add pull-up resistors on CC pins for proper negotiation
Follow USB-IF compliance guidelines for certification
Standards Compliance
USB 2.0: USB-IF Specification 2.0
USB 3.0: USB 3.0 Specification (Rev. 1.0)
USB 3.1: USB 3.1 Specification (Rev. 1.0)
USB-C: USB Type-C Specification (Rev. 2.1)
All modern devices must comply with these standards for interoperability.
