Matafiki na Ilimin Karkara: Addinin Da Ita Ci Gaba da Tattalin Aiki

Echo

فیلڈ: Takardarwa na Tansufurza

China

1. Maimaitar Kirkiyar Kirkiya: Addinin Da Bayanin Gaba

Maimaitar kirkiyar kirkiya wani maimaitar kirkiya na gudanar da ita ce maimaitar kirkiyar kirkiya. Addinsa shi daidai da addin maimaitar kirkiya masu yawan – ana yi a kan inda da haka a kan tushen magana mai karamin lissafi da ya kuma amfani don kirkiyar tsari. Maimaitar kirkiya na musamman yana da duwatsuwa uku – baya da dukkar – da aka kwayoyi a kan abubuwan iron.

Idan an kula duwatsuwar baya a kan jirgin tsari, zai zauna tsari mai yawa da ke bayar da karamin lissafi (MMF), wanda yake bayar da tsarin magana mai yawa a kan iron. Wannan tsari mai yawa yake zama a kan duk duwatsuwa baya da dukkar, wanda yake bayar da tsari mai yawa a kan duwatsuwar dukkar daidai da adadin yawan jirgin tsari.

Yawan duwatsuwar baya zuwa dukkar shine daidai da yawan tsari. Misali, idan maimaitar kirkiya na da 440 duwatsu a baya da 220 duwatsu a dukkar, da 220V a baya, za a samun 110V a dukkar. Wasu maimaitar kirkiya suna da dukkar da yawa ko kuma fadada dukkar, wanda ke amfani don samun yawan tsari daban-daban.

2. Tashar Maimaitar Kirkiyar Kirkiya

Maimaitar kirkiyar kirkiya ta yi aiki da kirkiyar kirkiya don samun wurare da ke amfani don kirkiyar tsari zuwa tsari mai yawa. Wannan wuraren kirkiya su ne mafi amfani a cikin wurare da ke amfani don tsari mai yawa a cikin masana'antar zamani, da ake amfani da shi a cikin kirkiyar tsari mai yawa, sarkon elektri, makaranta, electroplating, electrolysis, da sauransu.

Rectifier Transformer.jpg

Duwatsuwar baya (ko kuma duwatsuwar network) na maimaitar kirkiyar kirkiya ta kula a kan jirgin tsari, har da dukkar (ko kuma duwatsuwar valve) ta kula a kan kirkiyar kirkiya. Idan addin da keke da shi da kuma addin da keke da shi masu karfin daidai da addin maimaitar kirkiya masu yawan, dukkar (kirkiyar kirkiya) yana da damuwa da dukkar masu yawan, wanda yake ba da damuwa da kayayyakin da take da waɗannan:

2.2 Tsari Mai Yawan Sinusoidal

A cikin wuraren kirkiya, kowace mutum ya kula da yawa na yadda, wanda yake bayar da tsari mai yawan sinusoidal – daidai da yawan rectangular pulses. Saboda haka, tsari mai yawan duwatsuwar baya da dukkar.

Misali, a cikin wuraren kirkiya na bridge na three-phase da Y/Y connection, tsari mai yawan yana da damuwa. Idan an amfani da thyristors don kirkiya, yadda yake kula da yawa, yake bayar da tsari mai yawan da yawa, wanda yake zama da damuwa. Wannan yake bayar da eddy current losses. Saboda dukkar ta kula da tsari da yawa, yadda ake amfani da maimaitar kirkiyar kirkiya yana da damuwa da yadda ake amfani da maimaitar kirkiya masu yawan. Saboda haka, don sama da yawan power, maimaitar kirkiyar kirkiya suna da damuwa da yadda ake amfani da maimaitar kirkiya masu yawan.

2.3 Equivalent (Average) Apparent Power Rating

A cikin maimaitar kirkiya masu yawan, input da output power su da damuwa (kowane da losses), saboda haka, rated capacity shine apparent power na duwatsuwar baya ko dukkar. Amma, a cikin maimaitar kirkiyar kirkiya, tsari mai yawan duwatsuwar baya da dukkar su da damuwa (misali, a cikin half-wave rectification), wanda yake ba da damuwa da yadda ake amfani da shi.

Saboda haka, capacity na maimaitar kirkiya yana da damuwa da average na primary da secondary apparent powers, wanda ake kira equivalent capacity:

ida $S_{1}$ S1 shine primary apparent power da $S_{2}$ S2 shine secondary apparent power.

2.4 High Short-Circuit Withstand Capability

Maimaitar kirkiyar kirkiya suna da kyau a halin short-circuit electromagnetic forces saboda faults da yawa ko kuma sudden load changes (misali, motor starting). Koyar da dynamic stability a halin short-circuit yana da muhimmanci a cikin design da manufacturing.

3.Main Applications of Rectifier Transformers

Maimaitar kirkiyar kirkiya suna da damuwa da wurare da ke amfani don kirkiyar kirkiya. Damuwar masu yawa shine conversion da AC input a baya zuwa DC output a dukkar. "Power conversion" yana da rectification, inversion, da frequency conversion, daidai da rectification ne mafi amfani. Maimaitar kirkiya da ake amfani don kirkiyar kirkiya suna kira maimaitar kirkiyar kirkiya. Yawan industrial DC power supplies suna da damuwa da AC grids da maimaitar kirkiyar kirkiya da kirkiyar kirkiya.

3.1 Electrochemical Industry

Wannan shine mafi amfani a cikin maimaitar kirkiyar kirkiya:

Electrolysis of metal compounds to produce aluminum, magnesium, copper, and other non-ferrous metals
Chlor-alkali production via saltwater electrolysis
Hydrogen and oxygen generation through water electrolysis

Wannan processes suna buƙata da high-current, low-voltage DC power, daidai da yadda ake amfani da electric arc furnace transformers. Saboda haka, maimaitar kirkiyar kirkiya suna da damuwa da structural features da furnace transformers.

Damuwar mafi yawan maimaitar kirkiyar kirkiya shine dukkar tsari ba da yawan sinusoidal AC. Saboda unidirectional conduction da rectifying elements, phase currents yana zama pulsating and unidirectional. Ba da filtering, wannan pulsating current yana zama smooth DC.

Dukkar voltage da current suna da damuwa da transformer capacity da connection group, daidai da rectifier circuit configuration (misali, three-phase bridge, dual anti-parallel with balancing reactor). Ba da same da DC output, different rectifier circuits suna buƙata da different secondary voltages da currents. Saboda haka, parameter calculation for rectifier transformers yana faru a dukkar side daidai da specific rectifier topology.

Saboda dukkar winding currents suna da rich high-order harmonics, suka zama pollution da AC grid da kuma reduce power factor. Don mitigate harmonics da improve power factor, pulse number of the rectifier system yana buƙata da increase, typically achieved through phase-shifting techniques. The purpose of phase shifting shine introduce a phase displacement between line voltages at homologous terminals of the secondary windings.

3.2 Traction DC Power Supply

Used in mining or urban electric locomotives with DC overhead lines.