Dearadh Príomhionaid Tháirgeach 110 kV do Lárionad Sonraí
Íntrodúchán
Mar gheall ar an fhorbairt shuntasach teicneolaíochta cosúil le ríomhchlúdach agus sonraí mór, agus mar gheall ar an bhforbairt chomhluath "Internet +" i dtionscail éagsúla, tá tionscal an eacnamaíocht digiteach ag forbairt go láidir i ndáil leis na tíortha agus réimsí móra ar fud an domhain. Tá ról níos tábhachtaí á lorg aige i saol laethúil agus san eacnamaíocht náisiúnta. Go háirithe faoin tionchar reatha den ghéarchéim COVID-19 ar fud an domhain, tá an tréimhse íogair don eacnamaíocht domhanda ag comharthú. Is an eacnamaíocht digiteach amháin atá tar éis an treoch a chur ar an ngéarchéim agus forbartha láidir a choimeád.
Tugann GB 50174 - 2017 Cód Dearaidh do Lárionnacháin Sonraí difríocht shonrach ar lárionnacháin sonraí. Mar bhoird bunúsach maidir le hoidhreacht agus stóráil sonraí, is féidir le lárionnachán sonraí stóráil ar fhoinsí eile de fhaisnéis sonraí. Chomh maith leis sin, tá sé in ann tacú le feidhmiúcháin bunúsacha cosúil le ríomhaireacht agus idirghabháil sonraí chun riachtanais oiriúnachta sonraí mór a shásamh. Tá tógáil lárionnachán sonraí tar éis a bheith ina thrend neamhdhíoltach.
Sa tionscal lárionnachán sonraí, is ealaín digiteach é, rud a bhíonn an-deacair a chomparáil le tionscadail bunúsach tradiciúnta. Seo roinnt carachtaracht aitheanta de lárionnachán sonraí: úsáid airgid mhór, riachtanas ard le dlíocht, agus brón ar spéaclaí tógála tapa. Tá an úsáid airgid sainiúil, agus is gnách a bheith ag cur i bhfeidhm dúbailteacht 2N. Is cinnte go bhfuil an cumas airgid mór a chur in iúl go bhfuil obair 110 kV substations speisialta agus aonair á chur i bhfeidhm do thionscadail lárionnachán sonraí páirc-leibhéal.
Cé go bhfuil go leor conspóidí ag baint le tógáil 110 kV substations, is féidir iad a léiriú trí roinnt modhanna: An t-am tosaigh chun 110 kV substations tradiciúnta a thógáil in China, is minic a bheith idir 12-24 mí, ag cur i bhfeidhm gach gnóthacht a bhaineann le pleanáil, suíomh, tomhas, dearadh, clárú tionscadail, ceannach ábhair, "ceangal ceathrar agus aon líne" (rochtain ar uisce, seiceáil, bóithre, agus córas telefóin, agus aon líne), tógáil agus suiteáil, déanamh greannaithe, athchóiriú gréine, agus glacadh leis an tionscal. Ní féidir an t-am tosaigh fada a chomhthéarnú leis an éileamh ar chur ar fáil tapa lárionnachán sonraí; De bharr custaiméirí agus fógraí, is minic a bheith ag lárionnachán sonraí tionscail in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei réigiún, Yangtze River Delta, agus Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Is cathracha forlestaí iad cuid mhór dá réigiún seo, agus tá an talamh scartha, agus is minic a bheith ag déanamh conspóidí suíomh le linn an phléanáil tionscadail; Caithfidh substations lárionnachán freisin a bheith in ann adapatú go fleascach le hathruithe capasachta lárionnachán sonraí.
Do na conspóidí atá i gcúrsa tógála substations lárionnachán, is príomhshollúdar é substations moitífiúil chun an tionscal seo a dhéanamh. Bunaithe ar an gcoincheap dearaidh moitífiúil, tá substations moitífiúil le feabhsú ar an fleascacht agus an dlíocht i gcomparáid le substations tradiciúnta i gcur chuige. Tá gach córas i mbord an tionscadail críochnaithe, suiteáil, cabhrú, déanamh greannaithe, agus pre-assemblage i mbun, agus is féidir leo a bheith díreach assemblage ar an suíomh, ag cur chun cinn oibriúchán, ag laghdú ar an dífhostaíocht, agus ag baint úsáide as an tionscadal. Tá siad oiriúnach do scénáidí tógála substations éagsúla, agus tá bealach soiléir le feiceáil acu.
Bunaithe ar an tionscadal 110 kV substation Data Center No.1, déantar cuardach cruinn ar an scéim, dearadh pleanáil an tionscadail, agus dearadh bord moitífiúil substations lárionnachán sonraí.
1. Forradh an Tionscadail
Is iad Tionscadail Data Center No.1 atá suite i gCathair Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. Is tionscadal athnuachana é seo ar theach tionscadail sean. Tá cheithre theach tionscadail sa pháirc, A, B, C, agus D. Is é an tionscadal príomha atá againn anois ná an tionscadal athnuachana a dhéanamh ar an pháirc gan aon athruithe a dhéanamh ar an gclárú theach reatha agus tógáil páirc data center ionsaithe.
Bunaithe ar an Stándart A Data Center i GB 50174 - 2017 Cód Dearaidh do Lárionnacháin Sonraí, pléifear tionscadal páirc-leibhéal data center a thógáil a bhféadfaí a chur chun cinn níos mó ná 100,000 ríomhaire ard-fheidhmiúcháin. Tá sé riachtanach substations 110 kV a thógáil chun riachtanais seiceáil an pháirc a shásamh. Tá 2 seiceáil 110 kV aonair ag teacht isteach, gach ceann le capacitach 80,000 kVA, ag formú 2N seiceáil. Le linn an obair, ní mór go mbeadh an taisteal gach líne níos lú ná 50% de chumhacht a lán-líne, seachas 40,000 kVA. Má théann aon seiceáil aonair as feidhm, is féidir an chéad seiceáil eile a chur chun cinn gach taisteal an data center.
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2. Dearadh an Tionscadail
2.1 Spás Fhísiceach
Tá 2 líne isteach ag tionscadal substations 110 kV Data Center No.1, agus teacht isteach ón seiceáil 220 kV A agus B. Tá gach ceann de na línte isteach A agus B ag teacht isteach go dtí an pháirc ó dheas trí mheascán talún. De bharr treo na n-íomhá seiceáil amach agus stádas na mbunáiteanna reatha sa pháirc, tá substation 110 kV suite i gcúinne an iarthair theas den pháirc. Is é an diagram spásach plandála 110 kV substation atá le feiceáil i bhFigiúr 1.
Is 82 m airde, 17 m leathan, agus 1,400 m² an spás cruinn atá ag an substation moitífiúil. Do substation tradiciúnta faoi chomhdhuithe, is 70 m, 40 m, agus 2,800 m² iad na trí paraméadar seo. I gcomparáid le substation tradiciúnta, tá an spás cruthaithe laghdaithe níos mó ná 50%, agus is féidir leis an dearadh a dhéanamh de réir na gcórais áitiúla, rud a bhfuil sé níos fleascach.
Figiúr 1 Diagram spásach plandála 110 kV substation
2.2 Dearadh an Chuid Proiseasa
Léiríonn Figiúr 2 diagram proiseasa 110 kV substation. Consistíonn an lárionnachán de dhá cabin GIS (SF6 Gas-Insulated Metal-Enclosed Switchgear) moitífiúil, cabin príomhchuid eicme, agus dhá transformer 110 kV tuar. Tá an dearadh suite in oiriún lineach.
2.3 Rútacha Cumhacht
Is bunús de symmetria an substation seo. Mar a fheictear ó Figiúr 2, mar teorainn idir dhá cabin príomhchuid eicme, tá cabin GIS, cabin príomhchuid eicme, 110 kV transformers, agus cabin capacitor moitífiúil do rúta A agus rúta B ar an taobh clé agus ar an taobh deas, agus is aonair iad na hógáin don rúta A agus don rúta B.
Tá an substation seo tar éis a bheith suite le sráidbhalla neamhspleách, agus is neamhspleách é ó pháirc data center. Tá rochtain as an pháirc suite ar an taobh theas. Níl cead ag duine ar bith ach oifigigh gairmiúla a thabhairt isteach sa substation 110 kV, agus níl aon chead ag daoine eile, rud a d'fhéadfadh a chinntiú go mbeadh obair an substation ionsaithe.
Is cabin moitífiúil singil é an cabin GIS. Sa láthair, tá sé tar éis a bheith suite le cumhacht SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) cosúil le 2,000 A. Do gach cuid den dearadh, is gnách a bheith ag úsáid SF6 mar mhíniúchán arca agus is féidir é a chur i bhfeidhm i GIS. Structurally, is aontais é GIS agus is minic a bheith suite sna cuidéimeanna seo, lena n-áirítear transformair voltag, arresters, circuit breakers, agus bushings, etc. Tá sé riachtanach go mbeadh na cuidéimeanna sin suite go cruinn, agus go mbeadh an dlíocht gach comhpháirt cinnte chun an tionscadal iomlán a bhaint amach [8].
Is príomha é an transformer, agus is aontas é an three-phase double-winding oil-immersed self-cooled transformer, ag cur i bhfeidhm YN grounding method, le leibhéal voltag [10.5 ± (2×2.5%/0.4)] kV, agus is é an modh shonrach SZ11 - 80000/110.
Tá structúr dhá-léimh ag an cabin príomhchuid eicme. Tá an céad léimh suite le dhá cabin cabinet 10 kV output neamhspleách, suite le firewall, agus suite le 10 kV switchgear agus station service transformers atá coimeádach don rúta A agus don rúta B. Tá metal-clad switchgear suite le vacuum circuit breakers. Do feeder cabinets, capacitors, agus station service transformers, is 1.25 kA agus 25 kA iad an cumhacht reatha agus an cumhacht briseadh; do incoming lines, is 3.15 kA agus 31.5 kA iad. Tá an capacitach 100 kVA suite, ag cur i bhfeidhm SC11 - type dry-type transformer, le voltag [110 ± (8×1.25%/10.5)] kV, group Dyn11, impedence voltage Uk = 4%, IP40 protective enclosure, agus class 2 energy efficiency. Chun an dlíocht an tionscadail a fheabhsú, tá dhá section 10 kV busbars suite do gach 110 kV incoming line, rud a d'fhéadfadh an scoth an tionscadail a laghdú i gcás faille.
Tá an dara léimh suite le grounding transformer, cabin capacitor moitífiúil, etc. Tá capacitor bank suite sa cabin, ag cur i bhfeidhm differential pressure protection, agus is 6,000 kVA an capacitach atá suite. In addition to the above-mentioned parts, a core reactor is selected in this design, with a reactance rate of 12%. A complete set of small resistance grounding device, with a grounding resistance of 10 Ω and a capacity of 400 kVA. The second layer also has a secondary room. The secondary room is specifically divided into several parts, including video surveillance, kilowatt-hour meter cabinets, electrical energy collection, fault recording, public measurement and control, telecontrol communication, relay protection, computer monitoring, intelligent auxiliary control systems, time synchronization systems, etc.
2.3 Power Routing
In terms of power routing, the 110 kV utility power incoming lines of Route A and Route B both enter from the 17-m-wide short side on the right. The two routes enter in parallel, with a spacing of more than 10 m, and are respectively introduced into the prefabricated GIS cabins corresponding to Route A and Route B. The lines from GIS to transformers for Route A and Route B, the busbars from transformers to 10 kV switchgear, and the outgoing lines of 10 kV switchgear are all independent, and the spacing is more than 10 m.
2.4 Advantages of Process Layout Design
The main equipment of the project, including prefabricated GIS cabins, 110 kV transformers, prefabricated main equipment cabins, etc., are all completely isolated between Route A and Route B. The power routing of Route A and Route B is completely isolated. Compared with traditional substations, it occupies less space, has a high degree of customization, is flexible and effective, and can meet the reliability requirements of data centers.
3. Prefabricated Cabin Technology
This project adopts a whole-station fully modular prefabrication method. On-site, only auxiliary facilities such as strip foundations and firewalls need to be constructed. The production and processing of modular prefabricated cabins can be carried out simultaneously with the civil engineering work, greatly reducing the amount of civil engineering work. It solves the problems of large civil engineering quantities and long construction cycles in the traditional substation construction mode, and avoids the situation where the substation construction time is restricted by civil engineering projects.
3.1 Cabin Technology
The prefabricated cabins are produced and debugged in the factory, ensuring exquisite product quality and a high-standard design implementation level, and avoiding the impact of on-site construction quality on the equipment. Structurally, the bottom frame components of the box body are connected by channel steel, and the door panels and top covers are welded with 2-mm-thick high-quality cold-rolled plates. It has an integral structure and strong impact resistance.
The characteristics of the box body are mainly reflected in three aspects: anti-corrosion, three-layer structure, and sealing, which can meet the basic operation requirements and ensure that each component maintains a stable working state. The outer shell needs to reach a protection level of IP54 or above. The prefabricated cabins adopt a full-working-condition design and also have good wind resistance, seismic resistance, and snow load resistance to ensure the safe operation of the equipment.
The equipment inside the cabin is highly integrated. Through the design of the cabin structure and the coordination of various internal systems, the prefabricated cabin meets the needs of equipment operation. The cabin not only takes into account the primary, secondary, and communication equipment of the 110 kV substation but also considers auxiliary systems such as environmental control, lighting, emergency lighting, fire protection, and grounding.
3.2 Cabin Transportation
The cabin needs to meet high requirements, mainly involving moisture-proof and sealing properties, otherwise, the operation quality cannot be guaranteed. Considering the restrictions on length and width for road transportation in this project, the length of each transportation unit is limited to within 14 m, the width to within 3.4 m, and the height to within 4.5 m. Prefabricated cabins with larger dimensions are transported in sections, and other prefabricated cabins with relatively smaller dimensions are transported as a whole, meeting the requirements of road transportation. If the site has reached the assembly requirements, it can be transported to the site for the next-step assembly .
3.3 On-site Installation
This project adopts a modular prefabricated method, with less civil engineering work. The main civil engineering contents include two groups of newly built main transformer foundations, four firewalls with a length of 10 m and a height of 6.5 m, two groups of GIS cabin foundations, one group of main equipment cabin foundations, one 20-m³ accident oil pool, a 198-m-long and 2.3-m-high hollow enclosure wall, 14 main transformer supports, and an 80-m-long reinforced concrete cable trench.
The prefabricated cabins adopt a mode of "factory trial assembly must be carried out to simulate the actual operation situation + split transportation to the site and then splicing and installation" on-site. All modules have been trial-assembled in the factory, and problems are discovered in a timely manner without leaving problems on-site, ensuring the on-site construction period and construction quality. On-site hoisting and assembly have a short cycle, and there is almost no raw material accumulation.
For the splicing operation of large-sized cabin parts, the on-site splicing process of "using a crane to initially position the equipment + gradually pushing with a chain block + accurately positioning with a positioning pin" is adopted. To ensure that the splicing of the cabin is "tight-fitting", the on-site hoisting photo is shown in Figure 3.
In order to meet the sealing requirements, the splicing joints are reasonably designed, mainly using the design methods of sealing materials and mechanical structures. In the box body splicing, waterproof buckles and waterproof flanges are used. After the splicing is completed, strong waterproof glue needs to be added to the joint positions, and then treated with a sealing strip. Finally, waterproof buckles and foaming materials are installed in sequence. When all processes are completed and meet high quality requirements, sealing and waterproofing can be achieved.
After each module is in place, primary and secondary connection construction is carried out. The cables inside the modules and the connection cables between them have been completely produced and installed in the factory. Only the connection cables and busbars between each module need to be installed. When each module is assembled in the factory, preliminary joint debugging and testing have been carried out, which can also shorten the on-site debugging and acceptance time.
The 110 kV substation construction project of Data Center No.1 started to communicate the plan with the Suzhou power grid and promote the preliminary procedures in early December. After going through project bidding, equipment procurement, factory production, on-site equipment foundation construction, on-site assembly, equipment debugging, and power-on acceptance, it was officially put into operation in early June. The whole process took less than 6 months, of which the time from project bid determination to project completion and power-on acceptance was about 100 days, which is the project with the shortest substation construction cycle in the data center field. Therefore, compared with traditional substations, the construction time is greatly reduced.
In addition to these advantages, due to the adoption of the modular design concept, it can be efficiently upgraded when necessary in the future, which helps to reduce the costs of maintenance and expansion, so it also shows broad development prospects.
4. Conclusion
Prefabricated substations have addressed the pain points of traditional substations in the field of data centers.
Prefabricated modular substations represent a continuously evolving technology. Their construction aims to better serve the power grid and users. While ensuring safety, reliability, and economic efficiency, they fulfill the needs for rapid construction, space-saving, and reduced investment. It is believed that with the strong promotion of new infrastructure construction such as data centers by the country and the continuous maturity of prefabricated modular substation technology, more and more prefabricated modular substations will be completed and delivered in data centers in the future.
