Gine-gineta da 110 kV Prefabricated Substation don Data Center
Tsarin Kwamfuta
Daga cikin harsuna da ke faruwa na tattalin arziki kamar tattalin rarrabe da tattalin bayanai, da kuma fasahar "Internet +" wanda ya shafi muhimmiyar manyan abubuwa, tattalin arzikin da ke faruwa a dukkan kasashen da al'ummar duniya. Yana aiki da muhimmanci sosai a cikin yau da rayuwar al'adu. Hasashe, tare da dalilin adadin COVID - 19 a fadin duniya, tsarin gaba da ke faruwa na tattalin arziki ya yi nasara da kyau da kuma yake da zama mai girma.
GB 50174 - 2017 Kudin Tattalin Data Centers ta bayyana data centers a fili. Wannan data center, a matsayin yanayin bincike da kuma tafaka bayanai, yana iya tafakawa bayanai masu nahawu. Kuma yana taimaka da aikinsu masu ma'ana kamar tattalin bayanai da kuma tafakawa don tabbatar da bukatar kananan bayanai masu kadan. Aikin data centers tana zama batun da ba za su iya magance ba.
A tarihin data centers, ana nufin shiga da 'yan zamantakewa, wadannan babu da waɗannan abubuwan da ake amfani da su a wasu ayyuka masu kungiyoyi. Haka na bi a nan wasu muhimman abubuwan da suka haifar da data centers: inganci a cutar jiko, abin da aka buƙata da kyau, da kuma bukatar zuwa gaba da shiga. Inganci na data centers yana kammala, musamman suna da 2N redundancy. Ina son in wannan mahaifiyar yadda aka sani da 110 kV substation da suka buƙata da take sahihi.
Amma, aikin 110 kV substations tana da wasu muhimman abubuwan da ba su da nasarar, wadannan suka haifar da kalmomin: Tsarin aikin 110 kV substations na tsohon tattalin Najeriya yana da lokacin 12 - 24 watan afuwa, wadannan suka haifar da duk aikin da suka shiga a nan kamar tattalin, shiga, kula, kudin, takarda, samun kayan aiki, "four connections and one leveling" (shiga ruwa, jiko, hanyar, da kuma tsaftaci), aikin da kuma fitowa, kula, da kuma tasirin aiki. Lokacin mai tsari ba zan iya faɗa da bukatar data centers; Saboda dalilin mallakin da kuma tattalin, tattalin data center a Najeriya suna da muhimmiyar kasa a arewacin Beijing - Tianjin - Hebei, kungiyar Yangtze, da kuma kungiyar Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao. Duk waɗannan kasuwanci suna da birnin da suka yi faruwa, kuma akwai abubuwan da ba su da nasarar a shiga; Substations na data center suna buƙata da tsarin data centers da ke faruwa.
Don in ba da abubuwan da ba su da nasarar a aikin data center substations, prefabricated modular substations tana da muhimmin yawan amsa. Ba tare da kudin modular, prefabricated substations suna da muhimmin nasara a fanni na flexibility da kuma reliability. Duk aikinsu a prefab cabin suna da aiki, sanin, wiring, debugging, da kuma pre-assembly a factory. Bayan da ake yi, za su iya sanar da su a gwargwadon aiki, wanda yake da nasarar da ita, da kuma yake da muhimmin integration. Su ne da muhimmiyar nasarorin a duk abubuwan da ake amfani da su a aikin substations.
Wannan rubutu tana yi bayani mai zurfi game da misalinnin 110 kV substation construction project of Data Center No.1, da kuma bayani game da aikin da ake amfani da su, process layout design, da kuma prefab cabin process design na data center substations.
1. Gargaɗi na Projeckta
Projecktanta Data Center No.1 tana shiga a birnin Suzhou, kungiyar Jiangsu. Wannan projecktanta tana yi sarrafa sabbin building. Akwai sabuwar buildings a park, shine Buildings A, B, C, da D. Aikinta tana da shiga a nan shine in yi sarrafa park din a cikin tsarin da aka yi a nan, kuma in yi sabon data center park da za a iya amfani da shi.
Park din tana nemi Class A data center standard a GB 50174 - 2017 Kudin Tattalin Data Centers da kuma in yi park-level data center da zai iya ɗaukan labaran 100,000 high-performance servers. Park din yana buƙata 110 kV substation don in tabbatar da bukatar jikinsu. Substation din tana buƙata 2 completely independent 110 kV utility power supplies, kowace 80,000 kVA, wanda suka yi 2N power supply system. A lokacin da ake yi aiki, load rate ta kowace 50% na full-load capacity, shine 40,000 kVA. Idan wanda utility power supply ya jawo, maimakon yana iya ɗaukar duk loads na data center.
Saboda wannan projecktanta tana da shiga sabbin building, akwai kowane land space ta projecktanta tana shiga sabbin Buildings A, B, C, da D, kuma akwai muhimmin physical space limitations. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su shine open space a haguji na Building B da kuma open space a bangaren Building B da Building D. Don traditional 110 kV substation scheme, idan an yi installation 2 main transformers da 80,000 kVA, yana buƙata rectangular site da yarda kiman 70 m da yarda 40 m. Yardin site a haguji na Building B shine 30 m, da kuma yardin site a bangaren Building B da Building C shine 50 m. Saboda dalilin fire-prevention distance bayan substation da buildings da kuma buƙatun park's fire-fighting ring road, ba za su iya tabbatar da buƙatun construction space na traditional substations ba.
Mallaki Data Center No.1 projecktanta shine Internet enterprise. Wannan park tana taimaka da duk online businesses na mallaki da kuma abubuwan da suka shiga a nan, kamar tattalin bayanai, operation, tafakawa, da kuma processing. Mallakin tana buƙata muhimmin nasara ga reliability na data center din da kuma lokacin delivery.
Don lokacin delivery, saboda fasahar business bayanai na mallaki, mallakin tana buƙata abin da ya dangante don data center, kuma duk data center park yana buƙata in a yi delivery a lokacin 6 months. Don reliability, mallakin tana buƙata 2 utility power supplies na 110 kV substation, wadannan suka taimaka maka, su ne completely independent from the incoming line to the outgoing line, da kuma routes suka fi 10 m. Main equipment like GIS, transformers, and 10 kV switchgear su ne distributed a different physical spaces don in iya hana ɗaya wata da suka iya ɗaukar duk utility power supplies da kuma ɗaukar duk businesses na data center din.
Saboda 110 kV substation project of Data Center No.1 tana da space limitations, tight time constraints, da kuma high customization requirements, traditional substation form tana buƙata in ba su iya tabbatar da buƙatun projecktanta. Ba da damar da tashar tattalin jiko na gida, an yi negotiation and discussion, an tabbatar da wannan projecktanta tana yi amfani da prefab modular 110 kV substation.
2. Process Layout Design
2.1 Physical Space
110 kV substation project of Data Center No.1 tana da 2 incoming power lines, da kuma power supplies tana shiga utility power supplies na upstream 220 kV substations A and B respectively. Both the incoming lines of the two utility power supplies A and B enter the park from the south through underground burial. Considering the direction of the external utility power line routes and the current building situation in the park, the 110 kV substation is set in the southwest corner of the park. The plane schematic diagram of the 110 kV substation location is shown in Figure 1.
The prefabricated substation is 82 m long, 17 m wide, and has a total floor area of 1,400 m². For a traditional substation under the same conditions, these three parameters are 70 m, 40 m, and 2,800 m² respectively. Compared with the traditional substation, the floor area is saved by more than 50%, and the substation layout can be determined according to the on - site conditions, which is relatively flexible.
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the location plan of the 110 kV substation
2.2 Process Layout
Figure 2 shows the process layout diagram of the 110 kV substation. The interior of the substation consists of two prefabricated GIS (SF6 Gas-Insulated Metal-Enclosed Switchgear) cabins, one prefabricated main equipment cabin, and two outdoor 110 kV transformers. The layout is arranged in a linear pattern.
2.3 Power Routing
The substation of this project is basically completely symmetrical. As can be seen from Figure 2, taking the firewall in the middle of the two prefabricated main equipment cabins as the boundary, on the left and right sides are respectively the prefabricated GIS cabins, prefabricated main equipment cabins, 110 kV transformers, and prefabricated capacitor cabins for Route A and Route B power supplies, and the equipment of Route A and Route B are completely independent.
The entire substation is equipped with an independent enclosure wall and operates independently from the data center park. An independent entrance out of the park is set on the south side. Only professional personnel are allowed to enter the 110 kV substation, and other personnel have no access rights, which can ensure the reliability of the substation's operation.
The GIS cabin is a single - layer prefabricated cabin. Inside, it is mainly equipped with 110 kV GIS combined electrical appliances with a rated current of 2,000 A. For each part of the design, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is an important arc - extinguishing medium and can be applied in GIS. Structurally, GIS is mainly divided into several parts, including voltage transformers, arresters, circuit breakers, and bushings, etc. These parts need to be correctly connected, and the reliability of each component needs to be ensured to effectively achieve the overall function [8].
The main transformer mainly uses a three - phase double - winding oil - immersed self - cooled transformer, adopting the YN grounding method, with a voltage level of [10.5 ± (2×2.5%/0.4)] kV, and the specific model is SZ11 - 80000/110.
The main equipment cabin has a two - layer structure. The first layer consists of two completely independent 10 kV output cabinet cabins, separated by a firewall, and respectively equipped with 10 kV switchgear and station service transformers corresponding to Route A and Route B power supplies. The 10 kV switchgear uses metal - clad switchgear equipped with vacuum circuit breakers. For feeder cabinets, capacitors, and station service transformers, their rated current and breaking current are 1.25 kA and 25 kA respectively; for incoming lines, they are 3.15 kA and 31.5 kA respectively. The capacity of the station service transformer is selected as 100 kVA, using a SC11 - type dry - type transformer, with a voltage of [110 ± (8×1.25%/10.5)] kV, a wiring group of Dyn11, an impedance voltage Uk = 4%, an IP40 protective enclosure, and an energy efficiency class of 2. To improve the reliability of the system, each 110 kV incoming line corresponds to two sections of 10 kV busbars, which can reduce the scope of an accident in case of a fault .
The second layer needs to be equipped with a grounding transformer, a prefabricated capacitor cabin, etc. A capacitor bank is configured in the prefabricated cabin, with differential pressure protection set, and a capacity of 6,000 kVA needs to be achieved. In addition to the above - mentioned parts, an iron - core reactor is selected in this design, with a reactance rate of 12%. A grounding small - resistance complete set device, with a grounding resistance of 10 Ω and a capacity of 400 kVA. The second layer also has a secondary room. The secondary room is specifically divided into several parts, including video surveillance, kilowatt - hour meter cabinets, electrical energy collection, fault recording, public measurement and control, telecontrol communication, relay protection, computer monitoring, intelligent auxiliary control systems, time synchronization systems, etc.
2.3 Power Routing
In terms of power routing, the 110 kV utility power incoming lines of Route A and Route B both enter from the 17 - m - wide short side on the right. The two routes enter in parallel, with a spacing of more than 10 m, and are respectively introduced into the prefabricated GIS cabins corresponding to Route A and Route B. The lines from GIS to transformers for Route A and Route B, the busbars from transformers to 10 kV switchgear, and the outgoing lines of 10 kV switchgear are all independent, and the spacing is more than 10 m.
2.4 Advantages of Process Layout Design
The main equipment of the project, including prefabricated GIS cabins, 110 kV transformers, prefabricated main equipment cabins, etc., are all completely isolated between Route A and Route B. The power routing of Route A and Route B is completely isolated. Compared with traditional substations, it occupies less space, has a high degree of customization, is flexible and effective, and can meet the reliability requirements of data centers.
3. Prefabricated Cabin Technology
This project adopts a whole - station fully modular prefabrication method. On - site, only auxiliary facilities such as strip foundations and firewalls need to be constructed. The production and processing of modular prefabricated cabins can be carried out simultaneously with the civil engineering work, greatly reducing the amount of civil engineering work. It solves the problems of large civil engineering quantities and long construction cycles in the traditional substation construction mode, and avoids the situation where the substation construction time is restricted by civil engineering projects.
3.1 Cabin Technology
The prefabricated cabins are produced and debugged in the factory, ensuring exquisite product quality and a high - standard design implementation level, and avoiding the impact of on - site construction quality on the equipment. Structurally, the bottom frame components of the box body are connected by channel steel, and the door panels and top covers are welded with 2 - mm - thick high - quality cold - rolled plates. It has an integral structure and strong impact resistance.
The characteristics of the box body are mainly reflected in three aspects: anti - corrosion, three - layer structure, and sealing, which can meet the basic operation requirements and ensure that each component maintains a stable working state. The outer shell needs to reach a protection level of IP54 or above. The prefabricated cabins adopt a full - working - condition design and also have good wind resistance, seismic resistance, and snow load resistance to ensure the safe operation of the equipment.
The equipment inside the cabin is highly integrated. Through the design of the cabin structure and the coordination of various internal systems, the prefabricated cabin meets the needs of equipment operation. The cabin not only takes into account the primary, secondary, and communication equipment of the 110 kV substation but also considers auxiliary systems such as environmental control, lighting, emergency lighting, fire protection, and grounding.
3.2 Cabin Transportation
The cabin needs to meet high requirements, mainly involving moisture - proof and sealing properties, otherwise, the operation quality cannot be guaranteed. Considering the restrictions on length and width for road transportation in this project, the length of each transportation unit is limited to within 14 m, the width to within 3.4 m, and the height to within 4.5 m. Prefabricated cabins with larger dimensions are transported in sections, and other prefabricated cabins with relatively smaller dimensions are transported as a whole, meeting the requirements of road transportation. If the site has reached the assembly requirements, it can be transported to the site for the next - step assembly .
3.3 On - Site Installation
This project adopts a modular prefabricated method, with less civil engineering work. The main civil engineering contents include two groups of newly built main transformer foundations, four firewalls with a length of 10 m and a height of 6.5 m, two groups of GIS cabin foundations, one group of main equipment cabin foundations, one 20 - m³ accident oil pool, a 198 - m - long and 2.3 - m - high hollow enclosure wall, 14 main transformer supports, and an 80 - m - long reinforced concrete cable trench.
The prefabricated cabins adopt a mode of "factory trial assembly must be carried out to simulate the actual operation situation + split transportation to the site and then splicing and installation" on - site. All modules have been trial - assembled in the factory, and problems are discovered in a timely manner without leaving problems on - site, ensuring the on - site construction period and construction quality. On - site hoisting and assembly have a short cycle, and there is almost no raw material accumulation.
For the splicing operation of large - sized cabin parts, the on - site splicing process of "using a crane to initially position the equipment + gradually pushing with a chain block + accurately positioning with a positioning pin" is adopted. To ensure that the splicing of the cabin is "tight - fitting", the on - site hoisting photo is shown in Figure 3.
In order to meet the sealing requirements, the splicing joints are reasonably designed, mainly using the design methods of sealing materials and mechanical structures. In the box body splicing, waterproof buckles and waterproof flanges are used. After the splicing is completed, strong waterproof glue needs to be added to the joint positions, and then treated with a sealing strip. Finally, waterproof buckles and foaming materials are installed in sequence. When all processes are completed and meet high quality requirements, sealing and waterproofing can be achieved.
After each module is in place, primary and secondary connection construction is carried out. The cables inside the modules and the connection cables between them have been completely produced and installed in the factory. Only the connection cables and busbars between each module need to be installed. When each module is assembled in the factory, preliminary joint debugging and testing have been carried out, which can also shorten the on - site debugging and acceptance time.
The 110 kV substation construction project of Data Center No.1 started to communicate the plan with the Suzhou power grid and promote the preliminary procedures in early December. After going through project bidding, equipment procurement, factory production, on - site equipment foundation construction, on - site assembly, equipment debugging, and power - on acceptance, it was officially put into operation in early June. The whole process took less than 6 months, of which the time from project bid determination to project completion and power - on acceptance was about 100 days, which is the project with the shortest substation construction cycle in the data center field. Therefore, compared with traditional substations, the construction time is greatly reduced.
In addition to these advantages, due to the adoption of the modular design concept, it can be efficiently upgraded when necessary in the future, which helps to reduce the costs of maintenance and expansion, so it also shows broad development prospects.
4. Conclusion
Prefabricated substations have addressed the pain points of traditional substations in the field of data centers.
Prefabricated modular substations represent a continuously evolving technology. Their construction aims to better serve the power grid and users. While ensuring safety, reliability, and economic efficiency, they fulfill the needs for rapid construction, space - saving, and reduced investment. It is believed that with the strong promotion of new infrastructure construction such as data centers by the country and the continuous maturity of prefabricated modular substation technology, more and more prefabricated modular substations will be completed and delivered in data centers in the future.
