Design of New-Type Power Distribution Cabinets Nûvekirina Cabinetên Daxwazkirina Nîşanên Nû yên Elektrîk

Di jînên dengeneriye elektrîk modern, kabinetên daştinê û boxên daştinê wekî "navberên siniriyê" ji bo daştin û kontrolê rêzê. Cî rojaneya navkirina wan direkta diqet bide ser ewlehiyeya, yekbûya û karanîna taybetmend ê reza pargiriyan. Bi derbaran derbaraneweyên daştina rêzê û çêtirbûna tevlihê, navkirina cihedanên daştin hatiye veguhtiye ji tenê "destnusarî yên rêzgirtî" bi karîna inkişafê ya sîstemî yên navkirina girîng û kompleksî yên ku mechanicên structurî, yekbûya electromagnetic, managementa garmî, interakasyonê insan-makin û kontrola tevlihî an jîn hene. Vê nivîsê digehîna strategiyên navkirina taybetmend bikar bînin ji radîna navkirina kabinetên daştina rêzê ya bilind û bejmher û boxên daştin.

I. Kabinetên Daştina Rêzê ya Bilind/Bilher: Navkirina Sîstemî

Kabinetên daştina rêzê ya bilind/bilher hene cîhên navber ê di oda daştinan de. Navkirina wan divê ên herêmî bike di dema ewlehî, karanî û ekonomî de.

• Navkirina Structurî: Modularity û Bawerî

• Navkirina Tirokî/Çekerî (misal, KYN28): Ev û em ên navkirina taybetmend ê ji niha. Bi destnusarî yên ên pirîmîrî yên wateya tirok û "çeker" û destnusarî yên circuit breaker, ên amade bike ji bo "bawerî di dema çerkavî de". Navkirina divê hatiye hesab kirin li ser track û rastîna zemin da ku çeker bi serkeftî berheve. Damping vibrate bi destnusarî yên rubber însulator, ku nîşan dide ên hevsazî navkirina structurî û civil.

• Navkirina Spatial û Divan: Kabinetên wekî KYN28 bi destnusarî yên metal partition dikarin kabinet div bikin (misal, câmera cable, câmera truck, câmera busbar, câmera instrument), ên amade bike functional zoning û electrical isolation, ku efektî şopandina xeta. Navkirina divê hatiye hesab kirin li ser dimensionên component, requirements heat dissipation û electrical safety clearances.

• Navkirina Tirokî ya Bilher (misal, GCS, MNS): Ev kabinetên bilher bi destnusarî yên unitên tirok, ên amade bike bawerî efficiency. Navkirina divê ên hesab bike mechanical interlocking tirok, strength rails, û reliability connectors da ku amade bike stable electrical connections despite frequent plugging/unplugging.

• Hilbijartina Component û Navkirina Protection Function

• Strategy Protection: Core navkirina divê ên hesab bike protection functions. Fuses low-cost but are only suitable for short-circuit protection and require replacement. Vacuum circuit breakers or SF6 circuit breakers, however, provide comprehensive overload and short-circuit protection and are reusable, making them the preferred choice for complex loads. The selection of protection components should be based on load characteristics (e.g., motors, lighting, electronic equipment).

• Intelligent Integration: Traditional relay-based protection systems are complex and have high failure rates. The modern design trend is to integrate intelligent multifunctional protection relays. These devices combine measurement, protection, control, and communication functions into one unit, simplifying secondary circuits, improving system reliability, and providing interfaces for future connection to Energy Management Systems (EMS) or Building Automation Systems (BAS).

• Economic and Practical Design

• Domestic vs. Imported Trade-off: Domestic cabinets (e.g., GCS) offer moderate prices and convenient after-sales service but often have a larger physical footprint. Imported cabinets (e.g., ABB's MNS) feature advanced technology and a compact size but come with higher costs and potentially longer repair cycles. Designers need to make a comprehensive choice based on project budget, distribution room space, and maintenance capabilities.

• Parametric Design: Precise calculation of the main busbar's maximum rated current and short-time withstand current is essential. Based on these calculations, appropriate busbar specifications and the cabinet's Ingress Protection (IP) rating must be selected to ensure safe operation even under peak load conditions.

II. Boxên Daştin: Navkirina Diqet bide Detail û Innovation

Boxên daştin, wekî end points daştina rêzê, navkirina wan diqet bide installation convenience, environmental adaptability, û user experience.

• Navkirina Method Installation

• Surface-Mounting vs. Flush-Mounting: Surface-mounted distribution box design (e.g., using angle steel brackets or metal expansion bolts) must consider wall load-bearing capacity and precise positioning of fixing points. Flush-mounted distribution boxes require close coordination with civil construction to ensure accurate dimensions and levels of pre-formed openings, and to prevent contamination of the box during subsequent plastering, demanding highly accurate design drawings.

• Navkirina Structural û Material Innovation

• Patent Design Example:

• Strength and Stability: Adding raised ribs on the inner side of the door and corresponding grooves on the door frame creates a "mortise-and-tenon" like structure when closed, significantly enhancing door stiffness and overall stability, solving the common issue of deformation in traditional sheet metal doors.

• Noise Reduction Design: The inner walls incorporate an aluminum foam layer with round holes. Aluminum foam is a lightweight, porous material whose internal micropores convert sound waves into heat, effectively absorbing and eliminating operational noise, creating a quieter environment.

• Energy Efficiency and Precise Control: Internal integration of filter compensation circuits (harmonic filtering + power factor correction) not only eliminates grid harmonics but also improves the power factor, directly reducing line losses. Simultaneously, independent current and voltage detection circuits provide precise energy consumption data for the system, facilitating subsequent energy efficiency analysis and optimization.

• Safety and Maintenance Design

• Insulation and Testing: The design must include an insulation testing procedure. After installation, a 500V megger (insulation resistance tester) must be used to test insulation resistance between phases, phase-to-earth, phase-to-neutral, etc., ensuring it meets standards. This is fundamental for ensuring personnel and equipment safety.

• Heat Dissipation Design: Louvers are incorporated into the back panel for heat dissipation, but this must be coordinated with noise reduction design. This patent design effectively utilizes efficient aluminum foam sound absorption, allowing for ventilation openings without causing significant noise leakage, cleverly resolving the conflict between heat dissipation and noise reduction.