Kirkiro yana nufin mace-mace da mutum ya zama da shiga kuliya zuwa gida. Tattalin kirkiro tana ci nasara a kan abubuwa daban-daban don kula daya da adadin kuliya.
Idan kuna son cikakken fahimta kirkiro na kuliya ta hanyar ma'anarta, ya kamata a yi tasiri mai sauƙi ga jami'ar tattalin kuliya da daraja a Indiya. Jami'ar kuliya yana ɗauke da gini, sauyi da kwayoyi. Don gini na kuliya ana da miliyan PSUs da masu kiyaye na gini (GS). Tattalin sauya na kuliya tana ɗauka da gwamnatin ƙasa PGCIL (Power Grid Corporation of India Limited).
Don in iya inganta wannan fasaha, Ana kafa Indiya zuwa ɗaya ɗaya: Maso Gabas, Maso Yamma, Maso Arewa, Maso Kudu da Maso Arewacin Arewa. Bisa ɗaya a cikin ɗaya ɗaya na ƙasar, ana da SLDC (State Load Dispatch Center). An kwayoyi na kuliya tana ɗauka da miliyan masu kwayoyi (DISCOMS) da SEBs (State Electricity Board).
Abunawa: Akwai duwatsu na kirkiro, ɗaya da ke DISCOMS da wadanda suke bayar zuwa masu gini.
Mu ɗawo mu magana game da kirkiro na kuliya da mita ɗaya ke bayar zuwa DISCOMS. Adadin da aka kula mita ɗaya tana ɗauka da uku ɗaya da ake kira 3 part tariff system.
Haka, a = adadin da ba yake da alaka da maximum demand ko kuliya da aka tsari. Wannan adadin tana ɗauka da adadin kyautar, 'yan adawa, riboci a kan adadin kapital, gajinta, kamar haka.
b = sabon ɗaya da idan ka sake yi baki da maximum KW demand tana ba adadin semi-fixed cost. Wannan tana ɗauka da girman plant na kuliya saboda maximum demand tana nuna girman plant na kuliya.
c = sabon ɗaya da idan ka sake yi baki da actual energy consumed KW-h tana ba adadin running cost waɗanda su ɗauka da adadin fuel da ake amfani a cikin gini.
Saboda haka adadin da mita ɗaya ke bayar tana ɗauka da maximum demand, actual energy consumed da kuma adadin sabon ɗaya.
Daga baya kuliya tana nuna a matsayin unit, da 1 unit = 1 kW-hr (1 KW na kuliya da aka tsari a lokaci ɗaya).
MUYI: Duk waɗannan adadin suna ɗauka a active power consumed. Ya kamata mita ɗaya ya samun power factor ɗaya 0.8 ko fiye saboda idan ba haka ba za a kula shiga a cikinsu saboda ƙaramin ƙungiyar.
Mu ɗawo mu magana game da tattalin kirkiro da ke Indiya don DISCOMS. CERC (Central Electricity Regulatory Commission) tana ɗaukan wannan. Wannan tattalin kirkiro tana nufin availability based tariff (ABT).
Kamar sunan tana nuna, shi ne tattalin kirkiro wanda tana ɗauka da availability na kuliya. Shi ne tattalin kirkiro wanda tana ɗauka da frequency wanda tana ɗauka don in ba tattalin kuliya da ƙarfin daidai da inganci.
Wannan tattalin kirkiro tana ɗauka da uku ɗaya:
Adadin da ake kula tana da shi kamar yadda aka magana a nan. Capacity charge tana ɗauka don in ba kuliya zuwa su da kuma tana ɗauka da girman plant, da kuma ɗaya ɗaya shine UI. Don in fahimta UI charges tana magana game da tattalin.
Masu gini suna ɗauka a ranar ɗaya da kuliya da suke ɗauka zuwa State Load Dispatch Center (SLDC).
SLDC tana bar ɗan bayanin a kan duk SLDC waɗanda suke ɗauka bayanin daga duk DISCOMS game da load demand daga abubuwan mita ɗaya.
SLDC tana ɗauka load demand zuwa RLDC, sannan RLDC tana ɗauka kuliya zuwa ƙasar ɗaya ɗaya.
Idan duk shi ya faru, load demand tana ɗauka da kuliya da aka ɗauka da kuma tattalin kuliya tana da ƙarfin daidai da frequency tana 50 Hz. Amma a fannoni ba shi ba tana faru. Ɗaya ɗaya na ƙasar tana ɗauka fiye ko ɗaya ɗaya na GS tana ɗauka fiye kadan wanda tana ɗauka da ƙaramin frequency da ƙarfin tattalin kuliya. Idan load tana ɗauka fiye kuliya, frequency tana ɗauka fitowa saboda haka da kuma ɗaya ɗaya.
UI charges suna ɗauka da incentives ko penalties wajen masu gini. Idan frequency tana ɗauka da 50 Hz, yana nufin load tana ɗauka fiye kuliya, GS wanda tana ɗauka fiye kuliya zuwa tattalin kuliya tana samun incentives. Amma idan frequency tana ɗauka da 50 Hz, yana nufin kuliya tana ɗauka fiye load, GS tana samun incentives don in kula ƙaramin generating power. Saboda haka tana ɗauka don in ba tattalin kuliya da ƙarfin daidai.
Ranar: A watan ranar load tana ɗauka fiye, amma supply tana da shi. Mita ɗaya tana kura min don in ba ɗauka fiye kuliya. Amma a watan rana, load tana ɗauka da supply, kuma mita ɗaya tana samun kuliya a cikin adadin da ya fi sanarwa. Duk waɗannan suna ɗauka don in ba tattalin kuliya da ƙarfin daidai.
Bayanin: Gaskiya ba, na biyuwar aiki, idandanan lafiya ne da ake iya sharhi, idandanan da ake iya shafi.
