Çemkariyên Lîsana Dêvekirina Nîrgirî û Sîsteman Berderdên SST
Dua Sisteman Nahiyan û Cematan da Dizayîna Transformerê ya Darsta (SST) de
Nirxaşên Pêşkeç û Sisteman Mînageriya Xewa.
Ewgerma nabeşan bixweber di ser pêşkeçina dema mîna, nabeşan werin wek "civan" û "parastana" ku destûr dibe û reha bi rastî yên serdema mîna.
Nirxaş Pêşkeç: Pacemakerê ya Sistemê
Nirxaş pêşkeç pêşkeç dide "bîr" û "nerv" yekbûyî yên transformerê ya darsta. Rastîyeta wê bixweber dibe an jêrîn ku sistem êk dibe da ku bixweber bike.
I. Pir Zor û Cematan
Îzolasyonê ya Berdîn Giravê: Divê pêşkeç bixebit ji tara berdîn giravê da ku pêşkeç bidibe ji bo kontrol û sîsteman driveran lê zîv, ku hewce ye ku modul pêşkeç bixweber îzolasyonêya elektrîkî derbas bibe.
Rastîyeta Berserk û Serhewa: Sîsteman pêşkeç mîna qeyda gava (tens to hundreds of kHz) vêne biguherîne tevnasîna berdîn (dv/dt) û serhewa elektromagnetîk (EMI). Nirxaş pêşkeç divê pêşkeç bixebit da ku stabîl bibe li vir di vê cihane çelîn de.
Çendî, Pêşkeçkirina Têkili:
Pêşkeç Pêşkeçkirina Gate: Pêşkeç bixebit ji bo gate driversan her power switch (e.g., SiC MOSFETs). Her pêşkeç divê bexwestar bibe û îzolasyon bibe da ku hewce ye ku crosstalk nebigere ku shoot-through faults bigere.
Pêşkeç Pêşkeçkirina Control Board: Pêşkeç bixebit ji bo digital controllers (DSP/FPGA), sensors, û sîsteman komunikasyon, ku hewce ye pêşkeç bixebit clean, low-noise bibe.
II. Tirazên Pêşkeçkirina Pêşkeç û Rewşa Dizayîna
Pêşkeçkirina Berdîn Giravê: Bicyab bikar bine switching power supply îzolasyon (e.g., flyback converter) da ku enargî bixebit ji tara input berdîn girav. Ew ye pir zor teknîkî û hewce ye dizayîn bikar bine xusûl.
Modulan DC-DC Îzolasyonan Çendî: Di dema nirxaş îzolasyonê bixebit, çendî modulan DC-DC îzolasyonan bikar bine da ku enargî îzolasyon bixin.
Dizayîna Redundancy: Li serdeman ultra-high rastîyeta, nirxaş pêşkeç divê bikar bine dizayîn redundancy da ku destûr dibe ku safe shutdown û seamless switchover bikar bine ji bo backup supply di dema primary failure de.
Sisteman Mînageriya Xewa: Air Conditionerê ya Sistemê
Sisteman mînageriya xewa bixweber dibe density, output capability, û life spanê ya SST.
Li çi ew ye nahiyan?
Density Power Extremê: Ji bo lêgerîna transformersên line-frequency, SSTs energy dikin da ku pêşkeç bixebit ji modulan power ku piqnik be, li vir di heat flux (heat generated per unit area) bixebit.
Temperature Sensitivity of Semiconductor Devices: Ewger SiC/GaN power devices rastîyeta high bide, wan hewce yan junction temperature limits (typically 175°C or lower). Overheating leads to performance degradation, reduced reliability, or permanent failure.
Direct Impact on Efficiency: Heat dissipation bad bixebit chip junction temperature bixebit, increasing on-state resistance, which in turn increases losses—creating a vicious cycle.
III. Types of Cooling Methods
| Cooling Method | Principle | Application Scenarios and Features |
| Natural Convection | Heat is dissipated through fins on the heatsink via natural air circulation. | Suitable only for low-power or very low-loss experimental setups. Cannot meet the requirements of most SST applications. |
| Forced Air Cooling | A fan is mounted on the heatsink to significantly enhance airflow. | The most common and lowest-cost solution. However, heat dissipation capacity is limited, and fans introduce noise, limited lifespan, and dust accumulation issues. Suitable for medium- to low-power density designs. |
| Liquid Cooling | Heat is removed by a liquid cooling plate and circulation pump. | The mainstream and preferred choice for high-power-density SSTs today. |
| Cold Plate Liquid Cooling | Power devices are mounted on internal metal plates with fluid channels. | Heat dissipation capability is several times that of air cooling; compact structure enables very low temperature at the heat source. |
| Immersion Cooling | The entire power module is submerged in an insulating coolant. | Highest heat dissipation efficiency; non-boiling single-phase immersion vs. boiling two-phase immersion. Capable of handling extreme power densities, but system complexity and cost are highest. |
3. Advanced Thermal Management Concepts
3.1 Predictive Thermal Control
The system monitors temperature and load in real-time, predicts future temperature rise trends, and preemptively adjusts fan speeds, pump rates, or even slightly reduces output power to prevent temperatures from reaching critical levels.
3.2 Electro-Thermal Co-Design
Thermal design is synchronized with electrical and structural design from the early stages of development. For example, simulations are used to optimize the layout of power modules, ensuring that high heat flux components are preferentially placed near the coolant inlet.
4. The Lifeline System Working in Concert
Auxiliary power supplies and thermal management systems together form the core safeguards of a solid-state transformer. Their relationship can be summarized as follows:
4.1 The Auxiliary Power Supply - Ensuring System Operability
It is the prerequisite for ensuring that the system "can operate," providing power to all control units, including those of the thermal management system (fans, water pumps).
4.2 The Thermal Management System - Ensuring System Durability
It is the cornerstone for ensuring that the system "can sustain operation," safeguarding main power devices and the auxiliary power supply itself from failure due to overheating.
A highly reliable SST is inevitably the result of a perfect integration of outstanding electrical design, thermal management, and control design.
