Sistemin Da Turancin Kirkiya

Takarda Dukkanin Karama na Nafarun Karama

Dukkanin karama na nafarun karama yana nufin takarda da ya tabbatar da karama zuwa gida-gidan mutum a matsayin tsarin karama da shi da sauki mai yawa.

Dukkanin karama na nafarun karama tattauna karama zuwa gida-gidan mutum. Tabbatar da karama zuwa masu nafara suna yi wa sauki mai yawa daga cikin tabbatar da karama zuwa masu hanyar hukuma (ya'ni a fadin hanyoyin tabbatar da karama).

Tabbatar da karama na nafarun karama ana yi a kan takardun dukkanin karama. Takardun dukkanin karama sun hada da:

• Substation ta dukkanin karama

• Primary distribution feeder

• Transformer ta dukkanin karama

• Distributors

• Service mains

Karamar da aka tabbatar da su an yi daidai a substation, don tabbatar da karama.

Karamar da aka daidai suna bazu a transformer ta dukkanin karama tunan primary distribution feeders. Primary distribution feeders overhead suna zama da iron poles (ko rail poles).

Conductors suna strand aluminum conductors kuma suna kawo a kan arms of the pole tunan pin insulators. Yana iya amfani da underground cables don primary distribution purposes a wurare da mutane suka duba.

Transformers ta dukkanin karama suna 3 phase pole mounted type. Secondary of the transformer yana kawo a kan distributors. Masu nafara suna tabbatar da karama tunan service mains.

Service mains suna tap from different points of distributors. Distributors zai iya re-categorized to distributors and sub-distributors. Distributors suna kawo a kan secondary distribution transformers while sub-distributors suna tap from distributors.

Service mains of the consumers may be either connected to the distributors or sub-distributors depending upon the position and agreement of consumers.

A dukkanin karama, both feeders and distributors carry electrical loads, but feeders carry power without intermediate taps, while distributors have multiple tap points to serve consumers.

Feeder feeds power from one point to another without being tapped from any intermediate point. As there is no tapping point (i.e. a point where the voltage and current can be stepped down or stepped up) in between, the current at the sending end is equal to that of the receiving-end of the conductor.

Distributors are tapped at different points for feeding different consumers, and hence the current varies along their entire length.

Components of Distribution Networks

Distribution networks consist of distribution substations, primary distribution feeders, distribution transformers, distributors, and service mains.

Radial Power Distribution System

This system has feeders radiating from a substation but can cause power interruptions if a feeder fails.

In the early days of the electrical power distribution system, different feeders radially came out from the substation and connected to the primary distribution transformer.

But radial electrical power distribution system has one major drawback that in case of any feeder failure, the associated consumers would not get any power as there was no alternative path to feed the transformer.

In the case of a transformer failure, the power supply is interrupted. In other words, the consumer in the radial electrical distribution system would be in darkness until the feeder or transformer was rectified.

Ring Main Power Distribution System

A ring main distribution system uses a ring network of distributors fed by multiple feeders, providing continuous power supply even if one feeder fails.

Section Isolators

These devices in ring main systems isolate parts of the network for maintenance or faults, maintaining power supply to other parts.