Pompu na Furfuri: Nau'o'i, Tattalin Amfani, da Yadda Ake Kiyaye

Pumpin vacuuma shine wani kayayyakin da ke cikace gas molecules daga ci gaba ko kwalba mai sarrafa, zan iya yadda tsari ko kalmomi. Ana amfani da pumpin vacuuma a wasu masana'oyi da kuma tattalin arziki, kamar aerospace, electronics, metallurgy, chemistry, medicine, da biotechnology. Ana iya amfani da pumpin vacuuma don tattali kamar packaging ta vacuuma, forming ta vacuuma, coating ta vacuuma, drying ta vacuuma, da filtration ta vacuuma.

A wannan makalanta, za a bayar da tabbacin cewa muna nufin pumpin vacuuma, yadda suke yi aiki, tushen da suke da su, da kuma mataki da suke da su, da kuma wasu tattalin da ake amfani da su.

Mataki Da Nufin Pumpin Vacuuma

Pumpin vacuuma shine kayayyakin da ke cikace pressure da ke cikin ci gaba ko kwalba da ke sarrafa da cikace gas molecules dake. Yadda da ke samu degree of vacuum da ke samu da pumpin vacuuma yana bude da wasu abubuwa, kamar design of the pump, type of gas being pumped, volume of the chamber, temperature of the gas, and leakage rate of the system.

Pumpin vacuuma na farko an samu Otto von Guericke a shekarar 1650. An sanya kayayyakinsa da ke amfani da du hemisphere da ke evacuate da pumpin vacuuma da kuma an latsa su. An sanya cewa hatta teams of horses ba su iya separate su saboda atmospheric pressure da ke act on them. Ba nan, Robert Boyle da Robert Hooke sun yi amfani da design of Guericke da kuma sun yi experiments on the properties of the vacuum.

Mataki Da Tushen Da Suke Da Pumpin Vacuuma?

Ana da tushen uku da suke characterize pumpin vacuuma:

• Exhaust pressure

• Degree of vacuum

• Pumping speed

Exhaust Pressure

Exhaust pressure shine pressure da ake measure a outlet of the pump. Yana iya zama equal to or lower than atmospheric pressure. Wasu pumpin vacuuma suna da rating for different exhaust pressures. A cikin haka, pumps for creating high vacuum suna da low exhaust pressure. Misali, don creating a very high vacuum of 10-4 or 10-7 Torr (wani unit of pressure), ana bukata very low exhaust pressure of the pump.

Wasu high-vacuum pumps sun bukata backing pump don maintain a low exhaust pressure before they can operate. Backing pump ya iya zama wani type of vacuum pump ko compressor. Pressure created by the backing pump is called backing pressure or forepressure.

Degree of Vacuum

Degree of vacuum shine minimum pressure da pumpin vacuuma na iya create inside a chamber or container. Yana da shi da ultimate pressure ko base pressure. Theoretically, it is impossible to create an absolute vacuum (zero pressure) inside a chamber, but practically it is possible to create a very low pressure of about 10-13 Torr or lower.

Degree of vacuum achieved by a vacuum pump depends on several factors, such as the design of the pump, the type of gas being pumped, the volume of the chamber, the temperature of the gas, and the leakage rate of the system.

Pumping Speed

Pumping speed is defined as the rate at which a pump can remove gas molecules from a chamber or container at a given pressure. It is measured in units of volume per time, such as liters per second (L/s), cubic feet per minute (CFM), or cubic meters per hour (m3/h). Pumping speed is also known as suction capacity or throughput.

Pumping speed depends on several factors, such as the design of the pump, the type of gas being pumped, the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the pump, and the conductance of the system.

Mataki Da Tururun Pumpin Vacuuma?

Ana da many types of vacuum pumps available in the market. Suna da classification into two main categories: positive displacement pumps and kinetic pumps.

Positive Displacement Pumps

Positive displacement pumps work by trapping a fixed volume of gas at the inlet and then compressing it to a higher pressure at the outlet. They can create low to medium vacuums (up to 10-3 Torr). Some examples of positive displacement pumps are:

• Rotary vane pumps

• Piston pumps

• Diaphragm pumps

• Screw pumps

• Scroll pumps

• Roots blowers

Rotary Vane Pumps

Rotary vane pumps are one of the most common types of positive displacement pumps.

They consist of a cylindrical rotor with radial vanes that slide in and out as the rotor rotates inside a stator. The vanes divide the space between the rotor and stator into chambers that change in volume as they move from inlet to outlet. As a chamber moves from inlet to outlet, it traps gas at low pressure and then compresses it to high pressure before releasing it to the outlet.

Rotary vane pumps can be either oil-sealed or dry.

Oil-sealed rotary vane pumps use oil as a lubricant and sealant between the vanes and stator. The oil also helps to cool down and remove some gas molecules from the system. Dry rotary vane pumps do not use oil but rely on other materials or coatings to reduce friction and wear between the vanes and the stator.

Rotary vane pumps can create vacuums up to 10-3 Torr with pumping speeds ranging from 0.5 to 1000 L/s.

Piston Pumps

Piston pumps are another type of positive displacement pump that use one or more pistons to compress gas inside cylinders. The pistons move back and forth inside cylinders that have valves at both ends to control gas flow. As a piston moves forward, it pushes gas out of one end of its cylinder while drawing gas in from another end through an inlet valve. As it moves backward, it closes its inlet valve while opening its outlet valve to release compressed gas.

Piston pumps can be either single-stage or multi-stage. Single-stage piston pumps have only one cylinder per piston, while multi-stage piston pumps have two or more cylinders connected in series per piston. Multi-stage piston pumps can create higher vacuums than single-stage piston pumps by compressing gas multiple times before releasing it.

Piston pumps can create vacuums up to 10-3 Torr with pumping speeds ranging from 1 to 1000 L/s.

Diaphragm Pumps

Diaphragm pumps are another type of positive displacement pump that use flexible diaphragms to compress gas inside chambers. The diaphragms are attached to rods that move back and forth by an electric motor or an eccentric cam. As a diaphragm moves forward, it pushes gas out of its chamber through an outlet valve while drawing gas in from another chamber through an inlet valve. As it moves backward, it closes its outlet valve while opening its inlet valve to allow gas flow.

Diaphragm pumps are dry pumps that do not use oil or other fluids as lubricants or sealants. They are suitable for pumping corrosive, flammable, or sensitive gases that cannot be contaminated by oil. They can also operate in any orientation without affecting their performance.

Diaphragm pumps can create vacuums up to 10-3 Torr with pumping speeds ranging from 0.1 to 100 L/s.

Screw Pumps

Screw pumps are another type of positive displacement pump that use two intermeshing screws to compress gas inside chambers. The screws rotate in opposite directions inside cylindrical housings that have inlet and outlet ports at both ends. As the screws rotate, they move gas along their threads from the inlet to the outlet while reducing its volume and increasing its pressure.

Screw pumps can be either oil-sealed or dry. Oil-sealed screw pumps use oil as a lubricant and sealant between the screws and housings. The oil also helps to cool down and remove some gas molecules from the system. Dry screw pumps do not use oil but rely on other materials or coatings to reduce friction and wear between the screws and housings.

Screw pumps can create vacuums up to 10-3 Torr with pumping speeds ranging from 10 to 1000 L/s.

Scroll Pumps

Scroll pumps are another type of positive displacement pump that use two spiral-shaped scrolls to compress gas inside chambers. One scroll is fixed while the other scroll orbits around it, creating crescent-shaped chambers that change in volume as they move from inlet to outlet. As a chamber moves from inlet to outlet, it traps gas at low pressure and then compresses it to high pressure before releasing it to the outlet.

Scroll pumps are dry pumps that do not use oil or other fluids as lubricants or sealants. They are suitable for pumping corrosive, flammable, or sensitive gases that cannot be contaminated by oil. They can also operate in any orientation without affecting their performance.