Na'urar da cooling tower shine kungiyar da take ke kwallon jiki zuwa fatafin sama na harshe, yawanci yana da wani yanayin mai ruwa, zuwa siffar tsohon lokaci. Ana amfani da cooling towers da dama a cikin takamaddunai da ke bukatar tsara, kamar tattalin arziki, kula, kuma shirya. Cooling towers zai iya gudanar da duk types daban-daban ba tare da airflow, water flow, heat transfer method, kuma shape. Wadannan suna da natural draft, forced draft, induced draft, counterflow, crossflow, kuma wet/dry.
Don samun design, operation, performance, kuma maintenance of cooling towers, yana da kyau a tabbatar da wasu terminologies da ake amfani da su a industry cooling tower.
Wannan bayanin za a bayyana basic concepts and definitions of cooling tower terminology, kuma za a bayyana misalai da formulas don calculation.
BTU (British Thermal Unit) shine unit of heat energy da aka define a matsayin amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit in the range from 32°F to 212°F. BTU ana amfani da ita don measure the heat load or heat transfer rate of cooling towers.
Ton shine evaporative cooling metric da ya fi 15,000 BTUs per hour for cooling towers. Yana nuna amount of heat that can be removed by evaporating one ton of water at 12,000 BTUs per hour. Ton shine kuma unit of refrigeration capacity da ya fi 12,000 BTUs per hour.
Heat load shine amount of heat that needs to be removed from the circulating water within the cooling tower system.
Yana da shawar da process heat load and the circulating water flow rate. The heat load can be calculated by the following formula:
Amsa,
Q = Heat load in BTU/hr
m = Mass flow rate of water in lb/hr
Cp = Specific heat of the water in BTU/lb°F
ΔT = Temperature difference between hot and cold water in °F
The heat load is an important parameter in determining the size and cost of the cooling tower. A higher heat load requires a larger cooling tower with more air and water flow.
Cooling range shine farko a temperature between the hot water entering the tower and the cold water leaving the tower.
Yana nuna cewa abubuwa mafi yawa ne a kan ruwan zuwa sama na harshe a cooling tower. A higher cooling range means a higher heat transfer rate and a better cooling tower performance. The cooling range can be calculated by:
Amsa,
R = Cooling range in °F
Th = Hot water temperature in °F
Tc = Cold water temperature in °F
The cooling range is determined by the process and not by the cooling tower. Thus, it is a function of the process heat load and the circulating water flow rate.
Approach shine farko a temperature between the cold water temperature and the wet-bulb temperature of the air.
Yana nuna cewa abubuwa mafi yawa ne a kan ruwan zuwa sama na harshe a cooling tower. A lower approach means a lower cold water temperature and a better cooling tower performance. The approach can be calculated by:
Amsa,
A = Approach in °F
Tc = Cold water temperature in °F
Tw = Wet-bulb temperature of the air in °F
The approach is one of the most important parameters in deciding the cost and size of the cooling tower. It also decides the minimum possible cold water temperature that can be achieved by the cooling tower. Normally, an approach of 2.8°F is what manufacturers can guarantee.
Wet-bulb temperature shine temperature da ya fi karfi a kan ruwan zuwa sama na harshe.
