Sensar | Abubuwa na Sensar

A baka da ake nufin tushen yadda ake gano abubuwa. Ana cikin wannan tushen akwai wurare da take saukar da al'amuran da ke faru don bayyana darasi, kuma fayilolin da ya yi aiki a kan darasi daga wurar ta da shi kuma wurar ta da shi da ya bayyana darasi a hanyar na iya karanta da amfani a cikin harkokin mutum ko ma'adin.

Tafkin da ya faru ne wurar ta da shi, wanda muna tattaunawa a cikin babban tafin.

Sensor

Sensor ita ce wurare da ya jawo amsa a kan wahala masu ilimi ko kuma al'amuran da suka faruwa a cikin al'amuran masu ilimi kamar hoton, zafi, jabi, kawo, kuma wasu. Wannan amsa na iya tabbatar da al'amuran fisika, kimia, ko kuma electromagnetica na sensor, wanda ya zama a hanyar ya zama da ya iya amfani da ita a kan halin da ya iya karanta da amfani. Sensor ita ce kyakkyawan tushen gano. Ita ce muhimmin wurar ta da shi, wanda ya faru a kan al'amuran da suka faruwa don bayyana darasi.

Darasi da ake bayyana da sensor ya zama mafi inganci da abubuwan da ake bukata a gano. Sensors suna amfani da su don gano siffofin da ya shafi wurar da kuma abubuwan. Misali, thermocouple, thermocouple ya jawo hoton (temperature) a kan wurar ta da shi kuma ya bayyana darasi voltage da ake iya gano da voltmeter.
Duka sensors suna bukata da sabbin bayanan da suka faruwa don gano daidai. Duka da wannan tushen thermocouple.

Karamin da transducer da sensor ba su biyu. A misalina da thermocouple. Thermocouple ya yi aiki a cikin transducer, amma ayyukan da suka faruwa da kuma wurar da suka faruwa kamar voltmeter, a display, kuma wurar da suka faruwa suke dole a cikin temperature sensor.

Saboda haka, transducer zai ci koyar da energy daga wurar ta da shi zuwa wurar ta da shi, amma dukkan abubuwan da suka faruwa za a yi aiki a cikin ayyukan da suka faruwa. Wannan dukam suke dole a cikin sensor. Sensors da transducers suna da muhimmiyar halaye.

Muhimman Halaye da Sensors Su Ke Neman

Sensor mai kyau yana da muhimman halaye:

1. Mafi Sensitivity: Sensitivity ita ce wani abu da ya nuna cewa darasi da wurar ta da shi ya zama a kan darasi da wurar ta da shi. Misali, voltage da temperature sensor ya zama a kan 1mV har zuwa 1oC zuwa temperature, sensitivity da sensor ya zama 1mV/oC.

2. Linearity: Darasi ya zama a kan wurar ta da shi.

3. Mafi Resolution: Resolution ita ce mafi inganci da wurar ta da shi ya iya gano.

4. Mafi Noise da Disturbance.

5. Mafi amfani da power.

Abubuwan da Sensors Su Ke Amfani Da Su

Sensors suna da takardun da suke amfani da su basu da siffofin da suke gano. Duka abubuwan da sensors su ke amfani da su da wasu misalai.

Takardun da Sensors Su Ke Amfani Da Su

Basa da siffofin da suke gano

• Temperature: Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD), Thermistor, Thermocouple

• Pressure: Bourdon tube, manometer, diaphragms, pressure gauge

• Force/ torque: Strain gauge, load cell

• Speed/ position: Tachometer, encoder, LVDT

• Light: Photo-diode, Light dependent resistor

Da kuma wasu.
(2) Active da passive sensors: Basa da power da suke bukata, sensors suna da takardun da active da passive. Active sensors suna da amsa a kan power da suke bukata, amma passive sensors suna bukata da power da kan waje. Most of the resistive, inductive and capacitive sensors are passive (just as resistors, inductors and capacitors are called passive devices).

(3) Analog da digital sensor: Analog sensor ita ce wurare da ya jawo amsa a kan al'amuran da suke gano zuwa analog form (continuous in time). Thermocouple, RTD, Strain gauge are called analog sensors. Digital sensor ita ce wurare da ya jawo amsa a kan pulse. Encoders are example of digital sensors.

(4) Inverse sensors: Akwai wasu sensors da suke jawo amsa a kan al'amuran da suke gano zuwa wurar ta da shi, kuma suke jawo amsa a kan output signal form to get back the quantity in original form. For example a piezoelectric crystal when subjected to vibration generates voltage. At the same time when a piezo crystal is subjected to varying voltage they begin to vibrate. This property make them suitable to use in microphone and speakers.

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