Kewlîna Jêneratîrên Sinerjîk

Dawerên Synchronous Generators: Metodan, Pêşketinan, û Hedarên

Pîwazîna Dawerê

Dawerê yek parçeyên bûyerî ye di seroperina generatorên synchronous de. Sistemên dawereyên natûrî nayê beka bi tenê ku hêzên mezin yên ku ji bo alternatoran derkevin da. Bi tenê ku vê probleman çareser bikin, sistemên dawereyên forçî taybetand. Di vê sistemane de, havê jê rengkirin ji bo alternator û hesab dike ku pir hêz hatine derkeve. Sistemek dawereyên berjêbirin - circuit yek rêzik e ku hêza generatorên synchronous biguheze. Di vê cihanda, havê got û paqij ji alternator ên ji bo heat exchanger û hêza wehê ve derkeve û bi tenê fansan digeh zev kirin.

Bi tenê ku sêrinên dawereyên havê zêde bike, kanalên ji bo stator û rotor cores, û field coilsan ji generator ên hate gihîstin. Vê kanalan dikarin li gor navbera patterna hêza havê ya xwestî ya radial an axial biafirandin.

Sistemê dawereyên Flow Radial

Description

Di sistemê dawereyên flow radial de, havê dawerey li gor kanalan ji gapa havê ya stator ên hate derkeve û li gor radial ji bo back of the stator hate derkeve, ji ku di vir heye hate derkeve.

Pêşketin

• Low Energy Loss: Nivîsên ku bi tenê ventilation ên hate derkeve minimiz kirin, ku bi tenê pêkhatina guherbar bike.

• Versatility: Ev sistem dikare li gor makinenên mezîn û mezin bikar bibe, ku bi tenê opsyonêk taybetand li gor mezinahiya generatoran.

Hedar

Mezin û Compactness: Destûrê kanalan dawerey, ku dikare li gor 20% armature length hatine, makina bi tenê compact bike.

Heat Dissipation: Li gor sistemên dawereyên din, sistemê flow radial hêzên dawereyên bi tenê minimiz bike. Di çendî wan de, stabilitasê sisteman dikare li gor fluktuasyonên hêza havê ya dawerey bi tenê girav bike.

Sistemê dawereyên Flow Axial

Description

Di ev metodan de, havê jê rengkirin ji bo passages li gor holes în stator û rotor.

Performance and Limitations

Sistemê dawereyên flow axial yek rêzik e ku bi tenê makinenên mezin bi tenê. Yek rêzikêk bi tenê non-uniform heat transfer. Sectiona outleta havê ya makina dikare li gor dawereyên bi tenê girav bike ji bo ku havê ji bo travel through the axial ducts hate derkeve.

Circumferential Ventilation

Description

Di circumferential ventilation de, havê ji bo pointên yek û duji peripherya outer ya coreya stator ên hate derkeve û li gor ducts between the laminations ji bo outlets designated hate derkeve. Ev metod dikare li gor area ên kanalan zêde bike.

Combinations and Considerations

Di çendî wan de, circumferential ventilation li gor sistemê flow radial hatine birdayit. Lâkin, bi tenê ku interference an jê rengkirin di navbera du streaman de were, divê ku surfaces outer ên alternating radial ducts bi tenê closed bikin.

Requirements of Cooling Air

Ji bo dawerê yekêm, havê ku bikar bînin divê li gor clean û free of dust bike. Dust particles dikare li gor kanalan block bikin, ku bi tenê cross-sectional area û, consequently, decreasing the efficiency of heat transfer by conduction. Ji bo ku havê clean bike, air filters û cheesecloth filters commonly used. Di çendî wan de, havê ji bo wash in a spray chamber hate derkeve. Additionally, ji bo most cases, havê ji bo water coolers û then recirculated for reuse hate derkeve.

Limitations of Air Cooling

Equipment and Cost: Ji bo makinenên mezin, fans required to circulate the air become larger û consume significant amounts of power. This necessitates the use of auxiliary equipment, which can be expensive.

Capacity Constraints: There is an optimal rating for machines beyond which air cooling is no longer sufficient to maintain the temperature within safe operating limits.

Hydrogen Cooling of Synchronous Generators

Di sistemê hydrogen-cooled de, gas hydrogen serves as the cooling medium. A more in-depth exploration of this method can be found in the article "Hydrogen Cooling of Synchronous Generator."

Direct Water Cooling in Synchronous Generators

Application

Hydrogen cooling proves inadequate for extracting heat from large turbo-alternators with capacities of 500 MW or more. The large volume of hydrogen gas required for such machines can make its use economically unviable. In these cases, direct water cooling is employed. In very large turbo-generators, the rotors are often cooled by hydrogen, while the stator windings are cooled by direct demineralized water. The water is circulated using an AC motor-driven centrifugal pump, and cartridge filters are used to remove impurities. These filters are specifically designed to prevent metallic corrosive particles generated in the windings and piping from entering the hollow conductors of the windings.

Advantages over Hydrogen Cooling

• Efficiency: Water-cooled systems are faster and more efficient due to water's higher thermal conductivity compared to hydrogen.

• Space Optimization: The smaller duct area required for water allows for more space to accommodate conductors within the slots, optimizing the design of the generator.

Disadvantages

• Purification Requirement: The water used for cooling must be highly purified to prevent an increase in its conductivity, which could lead to electrical issues.

• Cost: Water cooling is generally more expensive than hydrogen cooling, making it a costlier option for generator cooling.

In summary, the cooling of synchronous generators involves a range of methods, each with its own set of advantages and limitations. Selecting the appropriate cooling method depends on factors such as the generator's size, capacity, and operational requirements.