Konstruka da Dajina DC

Takaitaccen DC generator

DC generator yana nufin kayan karkashin da ya yi kan gajimta zuwa sanyarwa na tsakiya (DC). Yana aiki da tsohon masu shaida da take da shaida, idan akwai mai shaida da ke fara a cikin shaida, zai fara sanyarwa a cikin ma'adani da aka faɗe.

Tuktur DC generator

Yoke

Yoke yana iya a lalace da harshe da ciwo da kaya ko ciwo da kaya, bincike sautin kasa da kula da karkashin generator.

Amfani da yoke

Yana ba da polon da ke generator don kula da karkashin machine da kuma yana aiki a matsayin babban gabashin machine.

Yana bar da flux mai shaida da ke fara a kan field winding.

Polo mai shaida da field windings

Polo mai shaida da field windings su ne mafi girma da ke generator don kula da shaida mai kyau a cikin machine. Su ke fito a kan jihohi da kuma karfin yoke.

Rodin vertikal ce ta lalace da harshe da ciwo da kaya ko ciwo da kaya. Laminations na iya rage eddy current losses a cikin polo mai shaida. Polo suna fito, wanda yana cewa suke fito daga yoke.

Armature

Armature yana nufin karkashin da ke generator don kula da armature winding inda electromotive force yake fara a kan shaida. Yana aiki a kan shaft da ke faɗi a kan polo.

Core na armature ce ta lalace da harshe da ciwo da kaya, da kafin a kan dukkanta. Waɗannan slots suka amfani don ba da armature conductors da kuma ba da insulation daga kafin a kan core. Laminations na iya rage eddy current losses a cikin core.

Armature winding yana fara a kan connecting several coils of insulated copper wire or tape a kan pattern mai kyau. Ana da biyu abubuwan armature winding: lap winding da waveform winding.

Lap winding: A wannan type da winding, har end of each coil yana aiki a kan commutator segment da kuma har end of another coil a karamin same side of the armature.

Waveform winding: A wannan type da winding, har end of each coil yana aiki a kan commutator segment da kuma har end of another coil a karamin opposite side of the armature.

Commutator

Commutator yana nufin kayan karkashin da ya yi kan AC electromotive force da ke fara a cikin armature winding zuwa DC voltage a karamin load terminal. Yana aiki a matsayin rectifier don generation of DC power.

Commutator yana lalace da wedge-shaped segments of hard-drawn or fall-wrought copper da suke ba da insulation daga kafin a kan shaft da kuma mica sheets. Har segment yana aiki a kan armature conductor via a riser or connector.

Commutator segments suke fito a kan cylindrical shape on the axis and rotate with the axis. Number of segments depends on the number of coils in the armature winding.

Electric brush

Brushes yana lalace da carbon or graphite blocks da suke jiha current daga commutator segment and transmit it to an external circuit. Suna ba da electrical contact bayan karkashin da ba da shiga da generator.

Brushes suke aiki a kan rectangular boxes called brush brackets, which are attached to a yoke or bearing bracket. Brush holder yana da spring da ya ba da brush da pressure da ya fi shiga a cikin commutator. Brush yana da shiga a cikin commutator inda induced electromotive force a cikin armature conductor changes its direction. Wannan locations suna nufin neutral zones or geometric neutral axes (GNA).

Bearing

Bearings yana amfani don support the rotating shaft of the generator and reduce friction between the shaft and the stationary components. Suna ba da shaft da ya shiga da smooth and evenly.

For small generators, ball bearings yana amfani saboda suke da low friction and high efficiency. For large generators, roller bearings yana amfani saboda suke da heavy loads and shocks.

Bearings yana buƙata da proper lubrication don ensure smooth operation and long service life of the generator. Lubrication can be done through oil rings, oil baths, grease cups or forced lubrication systems.

Principle of operation

Idan armature yake faɗi a cikin magnetic field, yana fara electromotive force a cikin conductor according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

Type of DC generator

Individually excited DC generator: A wannan type, excitation coil yana aiki a kan independent external DC power source, such as a battery or other DC generator.

Self-excited DC generator: A wannan type, excitation coil yana aiki a kan its own generated voltage after initial magnetization through residual magnetism. Ana da three subtypes: series winding, split winding and compound winding.

Permanent magnet DC generator: A wannan type, ba a da magnetic field coil, amma permanent magnet da ya ba da constant magnetic flux.

Apply

• Charge batteries for cars, inverters and solar panels.

• Power traction motors for electric cars, trains and cranes.

• Power supply for arc welding machine, electroplating equipment and electrolytic process.

• Provide power to remote areas where AC transmission is not feasible or economical.

• Supply power to test AC machines and circuits.

Conclusion

DC generator yana nufin kayan karkashin da ya yi kan gajimta zuwa sanyarwa na tsakiya (DC) by electromagnetic induction. Yana da several components, such as a yoke, pole, field winding, armature, commutator, brush and bearing, which work together to produce direct current. DC generators can be divided into different types according to their excitation method. DC generators have a variety of applications in different fields such as battery charging, traction, welding, electroplating, electrolysis and remote power supply.