Rheostats: Matar, Ƙarfafa da Nau'o'i

Rheostat wani mutanen kafin daɗi zai iya canza daɗi ko kafin daɗi ko tashar daɗi a cikin takamun daɗi. Rheostats suna amfani da su a matsayin abubuwa masu kontrolin daɗi, kamar kontrolin karshe na mota daɗi, yadda karfi na ronbi, ko hanyar daɗi na tufafi. Rheostats suna amfani da su don bincike tushen daɗi ko tashar daɗi mai ban sha'awa ta dukkan daɗi da ake sanin.

Muhiimmancin Rheostat

Rheostat yana nufin abu mai zai iya canza daɗi daɗi a cikin takamun daɗi tare da gudanar da abubuwa mai tsabta a kan mutanen daɗi.

Mutanen daɗi zai iya kasance wire na kwarin, rod na carbon, ko likidi. Abubuwa mai tsabta zai iya kasance terminal mai slide, knob mai yankin, ko wiper arm.

Daɗin rheostat yana nufin daɗin mutanen daɗi, kafin daɗin, daɗin cross-sectional, da kuma abin da ake fadada. Daɗin zai iya tabbatar da takaice:

daga daɗin R ita ce daɗin, ρ ita ce daɗin daɗin, l ita ce kafin daɗin, da A ita ce cross-sectional area.

Kafin daɗin a cikin rheostat zai iya kontrola tare da gudanar da abubuwa mai tsabta a kan mutanen daɗi. Idan abubuwa mai tsabta ya zama daɗɗa a kan mutanen daɗi, daɗin ya zama daɗɗa da kafin daɗin ya zama daɗɗa. Idan abubuwa mai tsabta ya zama daɗɗa a kan mutanen daɗi, daɗin ya zama daɗɗa da kafin daɗin ya zama daɗɗa.

Yadda Rheostats ke Bincika

Rheostats suna bincika da hanyoyi daban-daban saboda ayyukan da suka yi da kuma spekifikoshin. Wannan ne mafi yawan hanyoyi na rheostats:

• Wire-wound rheostats: Wadannan suna bincika tare da kasa wire na high-resistivity material a kan insulating core, kamar ceramic ko plastic.

  

• Wire zai iya kasance a spiral ko helical shape. Sliding terminal ko rotating knob zai iya gudanar da wire don canza daɗin. Wire-wound rheostats suna daidaita da high currents da low voltages.

• Carbon rheostats: Wadannan suna bincika tare da carbon rod ko plate a kan mutanen daɗi. Wiper arm zai iya gudanar da surface na carbon don canza daɗin. Carbon rheostats suna daidaita da low currents da high voltages.

• Liquid rheostats: Wadannan suna bincika tare da conducting liquid solution, kamar salt water ko acid, a kan mutanen daɗi. Two electrodes suna juye a likidi da ka shiga power source da load. Distance a kan electrodes zai iya canza don canza daɗin. Liquid rheostats suna daidaita da very high currents da low voltages.

Abubuwan da ake Amfani da Su don Rheostats

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su don rheostats suna da daɗin daɗin, working temperature daɗin, corrosion resistance daɗin, suitable mechanical strength, suitable ductility, da low cost. Mafi yawan abubuwan da ake amfani da su don rheostats:

• Platinum: Platinum ita ce noble metal wanda ya da daɗin daɗin da melting point daɗin. Yana da daɗin oxidation, high ductility, high malleability, good mechanical strength, da good stability with temperature and mechanical stress. Amma platinum ita ce mahimmanci da scarce, saboda hakan da suka yi a electrical engineering ya zama laboratory furnaces, resistance thermometers, da some rheostats.

• Constantan: Constantan ita ce copper-nickel alloy wanda ya da low-temperature coefficient of resistance, meaning its resistivity remains constant over a wide range of temperatures. It also has high resistance to oxidation, good mechanical strength, and good stability with temperature and mechanical stress. Constantan is widely used for electrical connections in instruments, such as shunt resistors, series resistors, swamp resistors, standard resistors, da rheostats.

• Nichrome: Nichrome ita ce nickel-chromium alloy wanda ya da daɗin daɗin da melting points. It also has high resistance to oxidation and corrosion, good mechanical strength, and good ductility. Nichrome is widely used for heating elements and wire-wound rheostats.

Tsari Mai Tsarki na Rheostats

Rheostats suna da tsari mai tsarki a manyan hanyoyi na engineering da science. Mafi yawan misalai:

• Power control: Rheostats zai iya amfani da su don kontrola power output na devices kamar electric motors, lights, ovens, furnaces, etc. Tare da varying the resistance of a rheostat in series with a device, voltage or current supplied to it can be adjusted.

• Voltage divider: Rheostats zai iya amfani da su don divide a voltage source into smaller fractions by connecting them in series with each other. Tare da varying the resistance of one or more rheostats in a voltage divider circuit, different output voltages can be obtained.

• Potentiometer: Rheostats zai iya amfani da su don measure an unknown voltage or potential difference by balancing it with a known one. A potentiometer ita ce type na rheostat wanda ya da three terminals: one connected to a fixed end of the resistive element, one connected to a variable contact point along it, and one connected to an external circuit. Tare da adjusting the position of the contact point until no current flows through it (i.e., when both voltages are equal), the unknown voltage can be determined.

• Strain gauge: Rheostats zai iya amfani da su don measure strain (i.e., deformation) in materials by changing their resistance when subjected to stress (i.e., force). A strain gauge ita ce type na rheostat wanda ya da two terminals connected to opposite ends of a thin metal foil that is attached to an object under stress. As the object deforms due to stress, so does the foil; this changes its length and cross-sectional area (and hence its resistance). By measuring this change in resistance using an electrical circuit (such as the Wheatstone bridge