Karkashin kusa a cikin jirgin IEE-Business da ke IEC 60076
I. IEC 6007 da Naukowa Doka
IEC 60076-1 (Tsariyoyi Masu Amfani) da IEC 60076-7 (Gidajen Tashin Amfani) sun nuna biyu na farko daga cikin nau'ukan:
Nau'ukan Da Ba Ake Sauran (P0)
Bayani: Nau'ukan da ake samun lokacin da tsari ta gaba ta kasance da jirgin fadada uku shiga kuma tsari ta biyu ta zama rike (yanayi da suka yi hukuma a kan nau'ukan da ba ake amfani).
Shartun Samun Sai
Ake samu a tashin fadada da tashin fadada mai yawa (tare da tashin fadada mai yawa da tafin tashin fadada).
An kawo a tsumar wannan lalace (75°C don transformers masu taka, 115°C don transformers masu sauya).
Nau'ukan Da Ake Amfani (Pk)
Bayani: Nau'ukan da ake samun lokacin da tsari ta biyu ta kasance da jirgin fadada uku shiga kuma tashin fadada mai yawa ta kasance da tsari ta gaba (yanayi da suka yi hukuma a kan nau'ukan da ake amfani).
Shartun Samun Sai:
Ake samu a tashin fadada mai yawa da tashin fadada mai yawa.
An kawo a tsumar wannan lalace (75°C don transformers masu taka; yana faruwa don transformers masu sauya a kan takaitaccen insala).
II. Binciken da Kulaɓar Nau'ukan
Binciken Nau'ukan Da Ba Ake Sauran (IEC 60076-1 Kalam 10)
Tsunani
Samun sashi a taka a tuka (za mu ciƙe nau'ukan da ake yi a tuka).
Fadada da ake samu: fadada mai yawa ±5%, wanda ya fi yawa.
Tushen Kawo a Tsumar Lalace:
Bref: Tsarin abuwar fadada a tsumar lalace; B test: Tsarin abuwar fadada da ake samu.
2. Binciken Nau'ukan Da Ake Amfani (IEC 60076-1 Kalam 11)
Tsunani:
Ake samu a binciken tsarin fadada mai rike.
Tashin fadada da ake samu: tashin fadada mai yawa; yanayi a tashin fadada ≤ ±5%.
Tushen Kawo a Tsumar Lalace (don windings masu copper)
Tref: Tsumar lalace (75°C); T test: Lalace da windings ta da ita a binciken.
Muhimman Abubuwan da Tolerances
Tolerances Nau'ukan (IEC 60076-1 Kalam 4.2):
Nau'ukan da ba ake amfani: +15% ana iya (babban bayan da ake samu ba za a iya fito).
Nau'ukan da ake amfani: +15% ana iya (babban bayan da ake samu ba za a iya fito).
Stray Losses:
Nau'ukan da ake samun lokacin da flux mai rike a kan abubuwan da ake faɗa, an kulaɓar da high-frequency component separation ko thermal imaging.
Energy Efficiency Classes da Kulaɓar Nau'ukan
Daga IEC 60076-14 (Guidelines for Energy Efficiency of Power Transformers):
Total Losses (P total):
β: Load ratio (actual load / rated load).
Efficiency Classes (e.g., IE4, IE5) require total losses reduced by 10%~30%, achieved via:
High-permeability silicon steel (reduces no-load losses).
Optimized winding design (minimizes eddy current losses).
Misali Na Gargajiya
Misali: 35kV Oil-Immersed Transformer (IEC 60076-7)
Rated Parameters:
Capacity: 10 MVA
Guaranteed no-load loss: 5 kW
Guaranteed load loss: 50 kW (at 75°C).
Test Data:
No-load loss: 5.2 kW (within +15% tolerance → 5.75 kW limit).
Load loss (tested at 30°C):
Conclusion: Load loss exceeds tolerance? Verify against 50 × 1.15 = 57.5 kW.
VI. Common Issues and Considerations
Ambient Temperature:
Tests must be conducted between -25°C to +40°C; corrections required outside this range.
Harmonic Losses:
Evaluate additional harmonic losses under non-sinusoidal loads per IEC 60076-18.
Digital Testing:
Use IEC 61869-calibrated sensors for accuracy.
