Cén réimsí a chlúdaíonn an t-seiceáil ar stóráid fiontraíochta agus trachtaireachta?

Mar ghníomhaí teisteachta ar an gcúlra, oibrím le cúlra stórála fuinnimh thionscal agus tráchtála gach lá. Is eolas díreach agam conas tábhachtach is ea a n-obair shionchroin do hiolann fuinnimh agus feidhmiúlacht gnó. Cé go forbronnann an chumhacht atá suite go tapa, tosaíonn deacrachtaí uathais an t-ROI - os cionn 57% de chúlra stórála fuinnimh a bhí i measc na ndiadh gan phlean i 2023, le 80% ag teacht ó dheacrachtaí uathais, éagsúlachtí córais, nó comhtháthú an-dian. Anseo thíos, roinneann sé tuairimí praiticiúla teisteachta do na cúig fo-chóras bunnús (battar, BMS, PCS, údar rialú teasa, EMS) agus struchtúr trí-theirr inspeicithe (seiceálacha laethúla, coimeád cothrom, diagnóise fadtéarmach) chun cabhrú lenár gcomhghleacaithe.

1. Beartais Teisteachta Fo-Chórais Bunús
1.1 Córas Battair: "An Croí" Stórála Fuinnimh

Is é battair an t-ardán fuinnimh, ag iarraidh teisteachta cothrom le dá trí dimensión:

(1) Teisteacht Forfheidhm Eileactrochimiciúil

• Teisteacht Chumas: Lean GB/T 34131 - scuab amach ag 0.2C go voltaí críochna (25±2℃), comhshocraigh réadúil vs. cumas réadaigh chun "endurance" a mheas.

• Teisteacht Riansa Isteach: Úsáidtear iontráil AC (1kHz sine wave, is iontaí ach díoltasach don iarracht), conductance AC scuab amach, nó modhanna scuab amach DC. Molaim cuardach Kalman a chur leis iontráil AC chun torruithe a laghdú do chruinneas.

• SOC/SOH Mónatóireacht: Comhbhaint ampere-hour integration, voltás oscailte, agus speictreochomhartha ídeachimiciúil. Ampere-hour integration modifíodh (ag obair sna téarmaí teasa agus staid lán/forbairt) cothrombhuíonn earráidí SOC <1%.

(2) Teisteacht Forfheidhm Sábháilteachta

• Teisteacht Imní Teasa: Lean UL 9540A - teistigh ar leibhéal cell, modúl, agus córas chun carachtar imní teasa agus gas gaol (an-chriticiúil do mheasúnú pearsanta).

• Teisteacht Lán/Forbairt Brise: Simúlú coinníollacha éagsúla per GB/T 36276 chun línte sábháilteachta a sheiceáil.

• Teisteacht Cosaint Scuab Ghearr: Dírígí seiceáil brise gearr go díreach chun freagraí cosanta a bhainistiú (riachtanas a bhfuil gá leis don sábháilteacht córais).

(3) Teisteacht Staid Fhísiceach

• Seiceáil Radharc: Seiceáil athrú form, leithead, agus lipéide léithe (mionsonra beaga ceiltí an-risca).

• Teisteacht Ceangal: Seiceáil do dhíolú, corróid, nó suíomh neamhchothroime; tomhas riansa teagmhais (ceangail an-dianach forbraíonn deacrachtaí oibriú).

• Teisteacht Ingress Protection (IP): Lean GB/T 4208 chun dearbhú cruinneas ina chónspóid (dust, moite, etc.).

1.2 BMS: "An Inntinn" Bainistíochta Battair

BMS monatóireacht agus cosaint battair - dírí ar chumarsáid, meastachán staid, agus cosaint:

(1) Teisteacht Cothrombhuíochta Protacol Cumarsáide

Caithfidh BMS a bheith intregrated le PCS/EMS trí protacol mar Modbus/IEC 61850. Úsáid CAN analyzers (e.g., Vector CANoe) agus protacol converters chun teisteacht:

• Latency: ≤200ms

• Success Rate: ≥99%

• Data Integrity: No loss/corruption.

Úsáidim gineadh teisteacht case bunaithe ar finite-state machine (FSM) chun gach scénario cumarsáide a chur i bhfeidhm.

(2) Measúnú Algortam SOC/SOH

Dírí ar earráidí SOC ≤±1% agus SOH errors ≤±5% (GB/T 34131):

• Calibration Offline: Comhshocraigh meastacháin BMS le lab-mheasartha cumas / Riansa Isteach

• Online Testing: Simúlú rith réadúil lán/forbairt.

• Simuláidí battair agus emulators BMS interface automatóidh seo le haghaidh cothrombhuíocht.

(3) Teisteacht Cothrombhuíochta Cell

• Cothrombhuíocht Ghníomhach: Simúlú míchomhordú cell chun straitéis BMS a bhainistiú.

• Cothrombhuíocht Pasífach: Tosaíonn tendeanaí míchomhordú fadtéarmach.
  Úsáidtear torthaí chun maíomh má leanann cothrombhuíocht riachtanais an chórais.

(4) Teisteacht Cosaint Sábháilteachta

Tosaíonn lán/forbairt brise, teasa cosaint:

• Sampla: Teisteacht lán - lean lán a bhatter a lán chun BMS a dhíolú ón gcircuit.
  Caithfidh sé lean GB/T 34131 riachtanais.

1.3 PCS: "An Ionad Cumhacht" Do Athrú Cumhacht

PCS aistriú AC/DC - teistigh oiriúnacht, cosaint, agus cáilíocht cumhacht:

(1) Teisteacht Oiriúnachta

Lean GB/T 34120 (≥95% oiriúnachta ag cumhacht réadúil):

• Input-Output Comparison: Tomhas cumhacht ag gach taobh chun oiriúnachta a ríomh.

• Load Profiling: Teistigh tríd loadoí chun mapáil oiriúnachta curves.
  Úsáid analyzers (e.g., Fluke 438-II) ag 25±2℃ le haghaidh cruinneas.

(2) Teisteacht Cosaint

Measúnú overloads (110% load réadúil), scuab ghearr, agus overvoltage responses. Caithfidh sé lean GB/T 34120.

(3) Anailís Harmonics

Déan cinnteoireacht THD ≤5% (GB/T 14549/GB/T 19939):

• Direct Measurement: Úsáid analyzers cáilíocht cumhacht (e.g., Fluke 438-II) chun teistigh waveforms.

• FFT Analysis: Ríomh amplitudes harmonics ó signal current.

• Teistigh tríd loadoí agus coinníollacha oibre.

(4) Teisteacht Staid Output

Tomhas voltaí, fréamhaise, agus staid cumhacht faoi loadoí éagsúla. Úsáid scopes/analyzers high-precision chun comhoibriú a sheiceáil.

1.4 Córas Rialú Teasa: "An Cosantóir Thuirseach"

Coinnigh teaspain bhatair réadúil - teistigh tuirsiú, rialú teasa, agus hardiness:

(1) Teisteacht Forfheidhm Tuirsiú

• Air-Cooled Systems: Teistigh filter clogging (pressure drop) agus fan life (vibration analysis).

• Liquid-Cooled Systems: Teistigh pipeline pressure (hydraulic sensors) agus coolant flow (flowmeters).
  Caithfidh sé lean GB/T 40090. Sampla: CATL úsáideann modified K-means clustering + wavelet denoising chun SOH a bhreith le <3% error.

(2) Teisteacht Cruinneas Rialú Teasa

• Uniformity: Déploy sensors across the battery pack, ensure max ΔT ≤5℃ (GB/T 40090; liquid-cooled systems target ≤2℃).

• Response Time: Measure time to stabilize temperature after environmental changes.

(3) Teisteacht Hardiness

Conduct IP (GB/T 4208), vibration (GB/T 4857.3), and salt-spray (GB/T 2423.17) tests. Critical for extreme environments (e.g., Huawei’s Red Sea project uses distributed cooling for 50℃ conditions).

(4) Leak Detection (Liquid-Cooled Only)

• Fluorescent Tracer: Add dye, inspect with UV light.

• Pressure Testing: Pressurize lines to check seals.

• Ensure no leaks and stable coolant pressure.

1.5 EMS: "An Ordaitheoir" Bainistíochta Fuinnimh

Optimizes operation and dispatching—test algorithms, communication, and security:

(1) Algorithm Accuracy Testing

Validate load forecasting, charge-discharge optimization, and economics:

• Historical Backtesting: Use past data to verify models.

• Live Testing: Validate with real-time operations.

• Example: CATL’s AI cuts fault detection time by 7 days, boosting efficiency by 3% and reducing losses by 25%.

(2) Communication Protocol Compatibility Testing

Ensure support for IEC 61850/Modbus (IEC 62933-5-2):

• Conformance Testing: Verify compliance with standards.

• Interoperability Testing: Test integration with BMS/PCS.

(3) Data Security Testing

Validate SM4 encryption, access control, and integrity (per national crypto standards):

• Encryption: Test SM4 key exchange.

• Access Control: Verify user permission enforcement.

• Integrity: Ensure no data loss/corruption during transit/storage.

(4) Response Time Testing

Ensure system response ≤200ms (GB/T 40090) to handle grid demands. Trigger EMS actions and measure latency.

2. Three-Tiered Inspection Framework
2.1 Daily Checks (Rapid Fault Detection)

Conducted per shift to catch issues early:

• Scope: Battery temp/voltage/SOC, BMS communication, PCS parameters, thermal cooling, EMS data.

• Tools: Thermal cameras, multimeters, oscilloscopes, communication testers.

• Focus: System status and anomalies—address issues immediately.

2.2 Periodic Maintenance (Preventive Care)

Scheduled to extend lifespan:

• Scope: Battery internal resistance (AC injection), BMS firmware updates/SOC calibration, PCS efficiency/harmonics, thermal system seals/IP, EMS algorithm updates/security checks.

• Tools: Dedicated resistance meters, CAN analyzers, power analyzers, encryption tools.

• Cadence: Tailor to equipment (e.g., quarterly battery tests, semi-annual BMS updates).

2.3 Deep Diagnostics (Root-Cause Analysis)

Triggered by recurring issues (e.g., frequent thermal runaway alerts, BMS communication failures):

• Scope: Thermal runaway (UL 9540A), BMS fault diagnosis, PCS protection/efficiency deep dives, thermal system leak/vibration tests, EMS algorithm validation/security scans.

• Tools: Thermal runaway chambers, vibration analyzers, encryption scanners, fault injectors.

• Goal: Identify root causes for targeted repairs/upgrades.

3. Best Practices: Standardization, Data-Driven Testing, Prevention
3.1 Standardization

Follow IEC 62933-5-2/GB/T 40090-2021:

• Process: Define preparation (scope, tools, environment), execution (testing + data logging), and analysis (reporting).

• Reports: Include equipment specs, test conditions, data, results, and recommendations (per GB/T 40090 requirements for traceability).

3.2 Data-Driven Testing

Build a unified data pipeline (battery temp, voltage, SOC, PCS efficiency, THD, etc.). Use AI (LSTM, random forests) and digital twins:

• Example: CATL’s AI predicts SOC errors <1% and SOH decay with >95% accuracy, issuing 7-day advance thermal runaway alerts.

• Example: Huawei uses digital twins to simulate extreme conditions, pre-identifying failures.

3.3 Preventive Testing

Schedule proactive checks based on equipment behavior:Cadence: Quarterly cell balancing, semi-annual BMS updates, annual PCS harmonics/thermal seals checks, quarterly EMS algorithm updates.

• Triggers: Deep diagnostics for ≥5% internal resistance rise (3 consecutive tests) or recurring communication failures.

Frontline testing demands rigor, expertise, and practical know-how. Mastering these subsystems, tools, and strategies ensures energy storage systems deliver reliability and efficiency—safeguarding business and grid operations. This guide distills years of hands-on experience—I hope it empowers fellow testers to raise the bar in energy storage reliability.