Jiyan Nêrînê Lap û Wave Winding Yê

Bendîna bendkaranên bistanîn yên di kandanên armatûrê de yekî neşandin ji bo namîna armatûr bendîne. Ev parçeyên herî girîng dike wekî şopandina ku bihêvîn guheranîya elektrikî ye. Di jenaratoreyê de, armatûr bendîne bihêvîn guheranîya guhertoyê ya mekanîkî werin biguherînin leh elektrikî. Bêgirîn, di makinayên motora elektrikê de, bihêvîn guheranîya elektrikî werin biguherînin leh guhertoyê ya mekanîkî, bi tenê qebiliyekî piyawerî di seroperdanê de yên makinayên elektrikî.

Armatûr bendîne dike wekî du taypa serparast hatine gavazan: lap bendîne û wave bendîne. Yek ji temsîlîn herî girîng ênan li ser rêzikê ya gavazanên bendkaranê ye. Di lap bendîne de, pêncên har bendkare bi segmantên komûtatordan ke navber hebin. Bêgirîn, di wave bendîne de, pêncên bendkaranên armatûr bi segmantên komûtatordan ke berhevkirîn hene.

Navnîş: Lap vs Wave Bendîne

• Jadvalê Berbendkirinê

• Pêşniyari

• Temsîlîn Herî Girîng

Jadvalê Berbendkirinê

Pêşniyariya Lap Bendîne

Di lap bendîne de, bendkaranên navber hatine rast kirin da ku bihêvîn berhevkirîn. Pêncê dawitîn yek bendkare bi segmantekî teyîn kirî komûtatordan hatiye girtin, û pêncê destpêkîn bendkareya dinjîr (di navbera pola mekanîkî ya derbasdar) da ku bihêvîn bi hemî segmantekî teyîn kirî komûtatordan hatiye girtin. Ev rêzikê bihêvîn bendkaran bihêvîn paralel path structure, ku bihêvîn bendkaran bihêvîn “lap back” bi segmantekî navber, lêserîname “lap bendîne.” Ev rêzikê bihêvîn zafyên paralel current paths, ku bihêvîn li ser applications û applicationên ku bihêvîn high current capacity û low voltage output.

Rêzikê ya Lap Bendîne

Di lap bendîne de, bendkaran hatine rast kirin da ku herêmekî paralel (a) bi numrayên polan (P) di ser makineyê de hatiye girtin. Ji bo makineyê ku bi P polan û Z bendkaranên armatûr hatiye girtin, bihêvîn P herêmekî paralel, herêmekî bi Z/P bendkaranên hatiye girtin. Numrayên brushes bihêvîn bi numrayên herêmekî paralel, ji bo herêmekî bi half Brushes bihêvîn bi positive terminals û half bi negative terminals.

Lap bendîne dike wekî du subtypes:

• Simplex Lap Bendîne: Features a = P, ji bo numrayên herêmekî paralel bi numrayên polan.

• Duplex Lap Bendîne: Characterized by a = 2P, ji bo numrayên herêmekî paralel bi du numrayên polan.

Pêşniyariya Wave Bendîne

Di wave bendîne de, pêncê yek bendkare bi pêncê destpêkîn bendkare ya ku bihêvîn pola mekanîkî ya yekbûyî hatiye girtin. Ev rêzikê bihêvîn continuous, wave-like pattern, ku bihêvîn name “wave bendîne.” Bendkaran di wave bendîne de bihêvîn divide bi two parallel paths, herêmekî bi Z/2 bendkaranên hatiye girtin. Bi vê rêzike, wave bendîne bihêvîn only two brushes, one positive û one negative, bihêvîn align bi two parallel paths.

Ev rêzikê bihêvîn wave bendîne bihêvîn serparast li ser applications û applicationên ku bihêvîn high-voltage, low-current, ji ber ku series connection of conductors increases the total induced voltage while maintaining a manageable current through the parallel paths.

Temsîlîn Herî Girîng Between Lap and Wave Bendîne

Coil Arrangement

Di lap bendîne de, coils bihêvîn configured such that each coil laps back onto the next, creating an overlapping pattern. On the other hand, wave bendîne features coils connected in a wave - like formation, giving it a distinct and continuous shape.

Commutator Connection

For lap bendîne, the ends of the armature coils are connected to adjacent commutator segments. In contrast, in wave bendîne, the ends of the armature coils are attached to commutator segments that are spaced apart from each other, resulting in a different electrical connection pattern.

Number of Parallel Paths

Lap bendîne has the number of parallel paths equal to the total number of poles of the machine. For example, if a machine has P poles, there will be P parallel paths. In wave bendîne, regardless of the number of poles, the number of parallel paths is always two.

Connection Type

Lap bendîne is often referred to as parallel winding due to the parallel connection of its coils, which allows for multiple current - carrying paths. Conversely, wave bendîne has coils connected in series, earning it the name series winding. This difference in connection type significantly impacts the electrical characteristics of the two winding methods.

Electromotive Force (emf)

The emf generated in lap bendîne is generally lower compared to that of wave bendîne. This is a direct result of the different electrical configurations and the number of series - connected conductors in each type of winding.

Additional Components Required

Lap bendîne often requires equalizers to facilitate better commutation, which is the process of converting alternating current (AC) induced in the coils to direct current (DC) at the output. Wave bendîne, on the other hand, needs dummy coils to provide mechanical balance to the armature, ensuring smooth operation of the machine.

Number of Brushes

The number of brushes in lap bendîne is equal to the number of parallel paths, which means it can vary depending on the number of poles. In wave bendîne, the number of brushes is fixed at two, corresponding to the two parallel paths.

Efficiency

Wave bendîne typically exhibits higher efficiency compared to lap bendîne. This is due to factors such as lower electrical losses and more optimized current - flow patterns in the series - connected coils of wave bendîne.

Sub - types

Lap bendîne has subtypes like simplex and duplex. In simplex winding, the number of parallel paths is equal to the number of poles, while in duplex winding, the number of parallel paths is twice the number of poles. Wave bendîne, conversely, has subtypes such as progressive and retrogressive, which are differentiated by the direction of coil connection in the wave - like pattern.

Cost

The cost of lap bendîne is generally higher than that of wave bendîne. This is mainly because lap bendîne requires more conductors due to its parallel - coil configuration and the associated need for additional connections and components.

Application

Lap bendîne is commonly used in low - voltage, high - current electrical machines, such as large DC generators for battery charging or some types of electric traction motors. Wave bendîne, on the other hand, is more suitable for high - voltage, low - current machines, like certain DC generators used in power transmission systems.

In wave bendîne, dummy coils are incorporated solely to provide mechanical balance to the armature, ensuring smooth and stable operation of the machine. Unlike active coils, dummy coils do not participate in the electrical circuit and are therefore not connected to the commutator or involved in generating electromotive force (EMF). Their primary function is to counteract any imbalance caused by the winding arrangement, which typically leaves unused slots in the armature core when the number of coils does not align perfectly with the pole pitch. By filling these slots with dummy coils, the armature’s rotational symmetry is maintained, minimizing vibration and wear during operation.