Pagkakaiba sa pagitan sa Lap ug Wave Winding

Ang pag-assembly sa mga insuladong conductor nga nahimutang sa mga slot sa armature gitawag og armature winding. Kini nga importante nga komponente maoy lugar kung asa ang power conversion mahitabo. Sa usa ka generator, ang armature winding nagpadali sa transformation sa mechanical power ngadto sa electrical energy. Sa bila, sa electric motor, kini makapahimo sa conversion sa electrical energy ngadto sa mechanical energy, pinaagi niini nagsilbi kini og dako nga papel sa operasyon sa duha ka klase sa electrical machines.

Ang armature winding makakategorisar sa duha ka distinct nga tipo: lap winding ug wave winding. Ang pinaka prominent nga pagkakaiba gikan sa duha ka tipo mao ang connection mode sa coil ends. Sa lap winding, ang mga end sa bawg coil gipili sa adjacent commutator segments. Sa bila, sa wave winding, ang mga end sa armature coils gipili sa commutator segments nga adunay espasyo gikan sa uban.

Content: Lap V/S Wave Winding

• Comparison Chart

• Definition

• Key Differences

Comparison Chart

Definition of Lap Winding

Sa lap winding, ang consecutive coils gi-arrange pinaagi sa pag-overlap sa uban. Ang finishing end sa usa ka coil gipili sa specific commutator segment, samantalang ang starting end sa sunod nga coil—na naa sa ilalum sa influence sa adjacent magnetic pole (sa opposite polarity)—gi-join usab sa sama nga commutator segment. Kini nga configuration mag-create og parallel path structure, diin ang connection sa bawg coil “laps back” sa adjacent segment, karon ang name “lap winding.” Kini nga arrangement makapahimo og multiple parallel current paths, makatabang kini sa mga aplikasyon nga gibutangan sa high current capacity ug low voltage output.

Configuration of Lap Winding

Sa lap winding, ang mga conductor gi-interconnect pinaagi sa pag-correspond sa number of parallel paths (a) sa number of poles (P) sa machine. Para sa machine nga may P poles ug Z armature conductors, adunay P parallel paths, tungod kay adunay Z/P conductors connected in series. Ang number of brushes required equal sa number of parallel paths, diin ang usa ka bahin sa mga brushes serving as positive terminals ug ang uban bahin as negative terminals.

Lap winding is further categorized into two subtypes:

• Simplex Lap Winding: Features a = P, meaning the number of parallel paths equals the number of poles.

• Duplex Lap Winding: Characterized by a = 2P, where the number of parallel paths is twice the number of poles.

Definition of Wave Winding

Sa wave winding, ang usa ka end sa coil gipili sa starting end sa usa ka coil nga may sama nga magnetic polarity. Kini nga arrangement mag-form og continuous, wave-like pattern, giving the winding its name. Ang mga conductor sa wave winding gi-divide sa duha ka parallel paths, diin ang usa ka path adunay Z/2 conductors in series. Tungod kay, ang wave winding gikinahanglan lang og duha ka brushes—one positive ug one negative—to align with the two parallel paths.

Kini nga configuration makapahimo og wave winding nga suitable sa high-voltage, low-current applications, tungod kay ang series connection sa conductors mag-increase sa total induced voltage while maintaining a manageable current through the parallel paths.

Key Differences Between Lap and Wave Winding

Coil Arrangement

Sa lap winding, ang coils gi-configure pinaagi sa pag-lap back sa sunod, creating an overlapping pattern. Sa bila, sa wave winding, ang coils gi-connect sa wave-like formation, giving it a distinct and continuous shape.

Commutator Connection

Sa lap winding, ang ends sa armature coils gipili sa adjacent commutator segments. Sa bila, sa wave winding, ang ends sa armature coils gipili sa commutator segments nga adunay espasyo gikan sa uban, resulting in a different electrical connection pattern.

Number of Parallel Paths

Lap winding adunay number of parallel paths equal sa total number of poles sa machine. For example, if a machine has P poles, there will be P parallel paths. In wave winding, regardless of the number of poles, the number of parallel paths is always two.

Connection Type

Lap winding is often referred to as parallel winding due to the parallel connection of its coils, which allows for multiple current-carrying paths. Conversely, wave winding has coils connected in series, earning it the name series winding. This difference in connection type significantly impacts the electrical characteristics of the two winding methods.

Electromotive Force (emf)

The emf generated in lap winding is generally lower compared to that of wave winding. This is a direct result of the different electrical configurations and the number of series-connected conductors in each type of winding.

Additional Components Required

Lap winding often requires equalizers to facilitate better commutation, which is the process of converting alternating current (AC) induced in the coils to direct current (DC) at the output. Wave winding, on the other hand, needs dummy coils to provide mechanical balance to the armature, ensuring smooth operation of the machine.

Number of Brushes

The number of brushes in lap winding is equal to the number of parallel paths, which means it can vary depending on the number of poles. In wave winding, the number of brushes is fixed at two, corresponding to the two parallel paths.

Efficiency

Wave winding typically exhibits higher efficiency compared to lap winding. This is due to factors such as lower electrical losses and more optimized current-flow patterns in the series-connected coils of wave winding.

Sub-types

Lap winding has subtypes like simplex and duplex. In simplex winding, the number of parallel paths is equal to the number of poles, while in duplex winding, the number of parallel paths is twice the number of poles. Wave winding, conversely, has subtypes such as progressive and retrogressive, which are differentiated by the direction of coil connection in the wave-like pattern.

Cost

The cost of lap winding is generally higher than that of wave winding. This is mainly because lap winding requires more conductors due to its parallel-coil configuration and the associated need for additional connections and components.

Application

Lap winding is commonly used in low-voltage, high-current electrical machines, such as large DC generators for battery charging or some types of electric traction motors. Wave winding, on the other hand, is more suitable for high-voltage, low-current machines, like certain DC generators used in power transmission systems.

In wave winding, dummy coils are incorporated solely to provide mechanical balance to the armature, ensuring smooth and stable operation of the machine. Unlike active coils, dummy coils do not participate in the electrical circuit and are therefore not connected to the commutator or involved in generating electromotive force (EMF). Their primary function is to counteract any imbalance caused by the winding arrangement, which typically leaves unused slots in the armature core when the number of coils does not align perfectly with the pole pitch. By filling these slots with dummy coils, the armature’s rotational symmetry is maintained, minimizing vibration and wear during operation.