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Takaitaccen

Fiber optiki shi hankali mai kashi da kyau, wanda ake gina daga glass (silica) ko plastic, wanda ake haɗa ne don in tafiya alamun (light) signals. Duk da cikin hankalin da ke faruwa, fiber optiki yana da tsayi mai yawa da tsayi na lashe mutum.

Zuwa ingantacce, fiber optiki yana yi aiki a matsayin waveguide, wanda yake iya tafiya alamun electromagnetik a matsayin light a frequency optical. Wannan sifatin muhimmanci yana ba shi da kyau zuwa in ya tafiya bayanai a fadada masu zama da kyau da kisan tashin signal, wanda yake ke jagorancin technology za a zamani ta hanyar tafiyar bayanai.

Tsayawa Fiber Optiki

Fiber optiki yana da muhimmiyar yanayi biyu: core da cladding. Core, wanda yake aikin cylindrical dielectric structure da ke gina daga glass, yana da aiki a matsayin hanyar za a tafiya light. Wannan aikin central yana da light signals suka tafiya, a kan principles of total internal reflection. A kan core yana da cladding, wanda yana da aikin plastic. Cladding yana da muhimmiyar aiki a kan in ita light a kan core, domin in tafiya bayanai suka tafiya a fadada masu zama da kisan tashin signal.

Takarda tare da ta yana nuna tsayawa mai zurfi fiber optiki, wanda yake bincike layers distinct core da cladding da aikinsu a kan in tafiya light da zama.

Tsayawa da Aikin Yadda Ya Yi

Dukkan assembly fiber optiki yana da elastic jacket, wanda yake da aiki a matsayin layer protective. Jacket yana amfani da fiber daga damage physical, environmental factors, da mechanical stress, domin in tabbatar da integrity shi a lokacin installation, operation, da handling.

Yana da kyau a lura cewa a fiber optiki, cladding ba tafiya light waves direct ba; ba sai light yana tafiya kawai a kan core. Amma, combination core da cladding yana da muhimmiya wajen koyar da losses signal caused by scattering. Saboda farkon refractive indices between the two components yana ba shi da kyau zuwa in tafiya light da zama. Specifically, refractive index core yana da kyau da cladding. Wannan farko refractive index yana da muhimmiyar principle fundamental wanda yake ke allows for the effective transmission of light within the fiber.

Tafiya Light a Fiber Optiki

Fiber optiki suna da design don in tafiya signals a matsayin light (photons). Ana tambayata: yadda light yana tafiya a fiber optiki? Daga an jawabi: yadda light yana tafiya a fiber optiki yana da total internal reflection.

Idan light yana fi shiga fiber optiki, yana tafiya a kan core while undergoing continuous reflections from the cladding. These reflections are total internal reflections, which occur under specific conditions. As previously discussed in the context of total internal reflection, this phenomenon takes place when light travels from a medium with a higher refractive index (the denser core) to a medium with a lower refractive index (the rarer cladding) at an angle of incidence greater than the critical angle.

With such an angle of incidence, instead of being refracted into the cladding, the light continues to propagate through the core by making successive reflections. The cylindrical shape of the core, with its relatively small diameter, ensures that only a minimal amount of light is reflected away from the core - cladding interface. This, in turn, guarantees that the incident angle of the light ray remains consistently greater than the critical angle, enabling the light to be effectively guided along the length of the fiber.

Modes of Propagation in Optical Fibers

Idan light yana tafiya a kan fiber optiki, yana iya tafiya a kan path single ko multiple paths as it traverses the core. In essence, the "modes" of propagation refer to the number of distinct paths that a light ray can take as it travels through the fiber. There are primarily two fundamental modes of propagation in optical fibers:

Single - mode Fiber

A single - mode fiber, light rays propagate along the fiber through only one path. This singular path of wave transmission significantly reduces signal distortion during the transfer process. Since there are no multiple paths for the light rays to travel, the integrity of the signal can be maintained over long distances, ensuring high - fidelity communication.

The core of a single - mode fiber has a very small diameter, which necessitates the use of a highly focused light beam. For this reason, laser light sources are predominantly employed, as they can emit a sharp, coherent beam that can effectively travel through the narrow core without significant divergence or scattering.

Multimode Fiber

Multimode fibers feature a core with a diameter that is considerably larger compared to that of single - mode fibers. This wider core allows light rays to propagate through multiple paths within the core. While this property enables the fiber to carry more light simultaneously, it also increases the likelihood of signal dispersion and attenuation. Signal dispersion occurs as different light rays traveling along various paths within the core arrive at the destination at slightly different times, blurring the signal. Attenuation, or the weakening of the signal, is also more pronounced in multimode fibers due to factors such as scattering and absorption within the larger core. However, the broader core diameter provides the advantage of accommodating several propagating paths for light waves, making it suitable for applications where simplicity and lower cost are prioritized over extremely long - distance, high - bandwidth transmission.

What are Glass Fibers?

Glass is an amorphous solid characterized by its hardness, transparency, and brittleness. It is created through the process of melting a combination of materials and then rapidly cooling (quenching) them. Unlike crystalline solids, glass does not have a well - defined, regular molecular structure. Instead, its molecules are arranged in a disordered, arbitrary pattern.

Glass possesses a unique characteristic: altering its material composition leads to corresponding changes in its properties. This malleability in properties makes glass a versatile material, especially when it comes to crafting optical fibers with tailored performance attributes.

Advantages of Optical Fiber

• Distortion - Resistant Signal Transmission: Optical fibers facilitate the propagation of lightwaves, enabling signals to be transmitted with remarkable immunity to distortion. This ensures that the integrity of the information being conveyed remains intact, even over extended distances.

• Secure and Long - Range Communication: These fibers provide a secure means of transmitting data over long distances. The nature of lightwave transmission within the fiber confines the signal, reducing the risk of interception and interference, making it ideal for applications where data security is paramount.

• Extended Lifespan: Compared to other types of transmission cables, optical fibers have a significantly longer service life. Their durability and resistance to wear and tear contribute to their ability to maintain reliable performance over an extended period, minimizing the need for frequent replacements.

Disadvantages of Optical Fiber

• High Installation and Maintenance Costs: The initial installation and ongoing maintenance of optical fiber systems can be relatively expensive. This includes the cost of specialized equipment, skilled labor for installation, and regular upkeep to ensure optimal performance.

• Vulnerability to Environmental Factors: Due to their fragile nature, optical fibers require enhanced protection from environmental conditions. Exposure to physical stress, extreme temperatures, moisture, and other environmental elements can potentially damage the fibers and disrupt signal transmission.

• Requirement for Repeaters: While optical fibers can transmit signals over long distances with minimal distortion, the use of repeaters is often necessary during signal transmission. These repeaters amplify and regenerate the signal to compensate for any degradation that occurs over distance, adding to the complexity and cost of the overall system.

Optical fibers are commonly fabricated from silica due to its superior operating characteristics. Silica is a chemically stable material, which allows it to withstand harsh environmental conditions without significant degradation. Its stability and optical properties make it the material of choice for optical communication applications, ensuring reliable and efficient signal transmission.