Il-Liġi ta’ Moore u l-Iżdied tal-Teknoloġija fil-Forma Eksponenzjali
X’hi huwa Moore’s Law?
Moore’s Law jiġifiera l-osservazzjoni li d-daqs tal-transistors f’kull integrated circuit (IC) jiżdub approssimativament kull sena tat-tnejn. Huwa sovent qitba bħala spiegazzjoni għall-iżbord tas-silġ tas-teknoloġija, dawn il-kulħadd jinsabu jgħidu li huwa l-‘leggi tas-silġ esponenzjali’.
Moore’s law huwa msemmin wara Gordon Moore, l-assistent fondatur ta’ Intel. Moore osservà li minn meta inventa l-integrated circuits, id-daqs tal-transistors jiżdub kull sena. Moore ipprodusa artiklu fil-magazzin ‘Electronics’ intitolat ‘Cramming More Components Onto Integrated Circuits’ spiegand is-silġ tiegħu (source). Wara ma saret noti, din it-tqies setta tittieles hemm fil-industri elettronika u saret magħrufa bħala Moore’s Law.
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Originally, Moore predicted that the number of transistors in an IC would double every year. In 1975 Gordon Moore’s prediction was revised at the International Electron Devices Meeting. It was determined that after the year 1980, it would slow down to doubling every two years. The extrapolation of this data has been used in the semiconductor industry for many years to direct long-term planning and set targets for research and advancement. From your laptop, your camera and your phone – any digital electronic device is heavily linked to Moore’s Law. Moore’s Law became somewhat of a goal for the industry to reach, ensuring timely progression in technology. Society has benefited greatly from this advancement in all areas, such as education, health, 3D printing, drones, and much more. We can now do things with beginner Arduino starter kits that 30 years ago could only be performed by expensive mega-computers. At the 1975 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, Moore outlined several factors he believed were contributing to this exponential growth: As techniques improved, the potential for defects has dramatically decreased. This combined with an exponential increase in die sizes meant that chip manufacturers could work with larger areas without losing reduction yields Development of the smallest dimensions achievable Conserving space on a circuit is known as circuit cleverness – optimizing how clever components are arranged and eventually finding the optimum use of space Moore’s Law wouldn’t be viable without a few innovations by scientists and engineers over the years. This is the timeline of the factors that enabled Moore’s Law:
Major Enabling Factors
When
Who
Where
What
Why
1947
John BardeenWalter Brattain
Built first working transistor
1958
Jack Kilby
Texas Instruments
Patented the principle of integration and created the first prototype of an integrated circuit and commercialized them
Kurt Lehovec
Sprague Electric Company
Invented a way to isolate components on a semiconductor
Robert Noyce
Fairchild Semiconductor
Created a way to connect components on an IC by aluminum metallization
Jean Hoerni
Planar technology based the improved version of insulation
1960
Group of Jay Last’s
Fairchild Semiconductor
Made the first operational semiconductor integrated circuit
1963
Frank Wanlass
Frank Wanlass
Invented complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)Allowed extremely dense and high-performance IC’s
1967
Robert Dennard
IBM
Created dynamic random-access memory (DRAM)
Enabled the possibility of fabricating single transistor memory cells (led to the invention of flash memory by Fujio Masuoka from in the ’80s allowing low-cost high capacity memory in many devices)
1980
Hiroshi ItoC Grant Wilson J. M. J. Frechet
Rigward l-esperji
Mħalless
