Mai wa shi da shaida?

Duk da haka, karamin inganci a kan biyu abubuwa ita ce aikin da ya kamata don kawo tsohon birnin da yake dari waɗanda zuwa wani abubuwa.
Idan wani abu na iya ƙarfi, zai iya kara abu da tsari mai sauƙi da shi da kuma gama abu da tsari mai sauƙi. Yana nufin cewa abu na iya ƙarfi na iya yi aiki. Aiki na iya yi da abu na iya ƙarfi ta ce ingancin karami daga wannan abu.

Idan biyu abubuwa suka ƙarfi suke sauran da marubuta, electrons sun faru daga abu da inganci ƙarfi zuwa abu da inganci ƙarfi, yana nufin cewa current sun faru daga abu da inganci ƙarfi zuwa abu da inganci ƙarfi a bangaren karamin inganci daga abubuwa da resistance daga marubuta.

Saboda haka, ingancin karami daga wani abu ita ce tsarin ƙarfinsa wadanda ke nuna idan zai ci ƙarfi ko baya ƙarfi zuwa wani abu.
Ingancin karami ana sanya a matsayin level na karami, da farkon biyu levels suka haɗa current zuwa biyu. Wannan level ya kamata a maimaita da zero level. Ingancin karami na zamani ya samu zero level. Ingancin karami da take da ƙarfi masu zamani ana samu positive potential da kuma ingancin karami da take da ƙarfi masu zamani ana samu negative.

Unit of electric potential is volt. To bring a unit charge from one point to another, if one joule work is done, then the potential difference between the points is said to be one volt. So, we can say,

If one point has electric potential 5 volt, then we can say to bring one coulomb charge from infinity to that point, 5 joule work has to be done.
If one point has potential 5 volt and another point has potential 8 volt, then 8 – 5 or 3 joules work to be done to move one coulomb from first point to second.

Potential at a Point due to Point Charge

Let us take a positive charge + Q in the space. Let us imagine a point at a distance x from the said charge + Q. Now we place a unit positive charge at that point. As per Coulomb’s law, the unit positive charge will experience a force,

Now, let us move this unit positive charge, by a small distance dx towards charge Q.

During this movement the work done against the field is,

So, total work to be done for bringing the positive unit charge from infinity to distance x, is given by,

As per definition, this is the electric potential of the point due to charge + Q. So, we can write,

Potential Difference between Two Points

Let us consider two points at distance d1meter and d2 meter from a charge +Q.
We can express the electric potential at the point d1 meter away from +Q, as,

We can express the electric potential at the point d2 meter away from +Q, as,

Thus, the potential difference between these two points is

Source: Electrical4u.

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