Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

What is a Strain Gauge?Strain Gauge DefinitionA strain gauge is a device that measures the deformation (strain) of an object when force is applied, through changes in electrical resistance.Working PrincipleThe strain gauge detects minute geometrical changes as resistance changes, which indicate the level of stress on the material.Bridge CircuitThe strain gauge is part of a bridge circuit, where it helps detect imbalances in resistance that correspond to stress, measured by a central voltmeter.Te

What is an Oscillator Transducer?Oscillator Transducer DefinitionAn oscillator transducer is a device that converts force, pressure, or displacement into a measurable voltage.Constituent Part Mechanical linkage Oscillator Frequency modulator Force summing memberWorking PrincipleIt operates by using pressure to change the capacitance in a capacitor, which alters the frequency of an oscillator.ComponentsThe key parts include a mechanical linkage, oscillator, frequency modulator, and force summing

What is are Inductive Transducer?Inductive Transducer DefinitionAn inductive transducer is defined as a device that measures variations in a quantity through changes in inductance.Operation PrinciplesThe operation of inductive transducers involves three main principles: changes in self-inductance, mutual inductance, and the production of eddy currents.Change of Self Inductance of Inductive TransducerN = number of turns.R = reluctance of the magnetic circuit.Measurement CalibrationThe calibration

What is a Temperature Transducers?Temperature Transducer DefinitionA temperature transducer is defined as a device that converts thermal energy into measurable physical quantities like electrical signals.Main Features of Temperature Transducers The input to them are always the thermal quantities They generally converts the thermal quantity into electrical quantity They are usually used for the measurement of the temperature and heat flowSensing ElementThe sensing element changes its properties w

What is a Piezoelectric Transducer ?Piezoelectric Transducer DefinitionA piezoelectric transducer is a device that converts physical pressures like force or acceleration into an electric charge.Working PrincipleThe piezoelectric effect allows these transducers to generate voltage when mechanical stress is applied, which is then used to measure that stress.Material PropertiesPiezoelectric materials like quartz crystal are essential for the transducer’s function, responding uniquely to mechanical

What is a Transducer ?Transducer DefinitionA transducer is a device that converts physical quantities into proportional electrical signals, which can be used for further control or display.Types of Transducers Types of Transducer based on Quantity to be Measured Temperature transducers (e.g. a thermocouple) Pressure transducers (e.g. a diaphragm) Displacement transducers (e.g. LVDT) Oscillator transducer Flow transducers Inductive TransducerTypes of Transducer based on the Principle of Operation

What is a AC Potentiometer ?AC Potentiometer DefinitionAn AC potentiometer measures unknown voltage by balancing it with a known voltage, including both magnitude and phase.Types of AC Potentiometers Polar type Coordinate typePolar Type PotentiometerMeasures magnitude and phase angle using separate scales and components like a phase-shifting transformer.Coordinate Type PotentiometerMeasures in-phase and quadrature components of the unknown voltage using two potentiometers in one circuit.Applicat

What is a Potentiometer?Potentiometer DefinitionA potentiometer (also known as a pot or potmeter) is defined as a 3-terminal variable resistor used to control the flow of electric current by adjusting resistance.Working PrinciplePotentiometers work by moving a sliding contact across a uniform resistance, adjusting the voltage output based on the contact’s position.Types of Potentiometers Rotary potentiometer Linear potentiometerDigital PotentiometersDigital potentiometers offer higher accuracy a

What is a Flow Meter?Flow Meter DefinitionA flow meter is defined as a device that measures the flow rate of solids, liquids, or gases.Types of Flow MetersThe main types of flow meters include positive displacement, mass, differential pressure, velocity, optical, and open channel flow meters.Positive Displacement Flow MetersThese meters measure fluid flow by trapping fluid in a chamber and are robust against turbulence.Mass Flow MetersThese meters measure the mass of the fluid flowing through th

What is a Capacitance Meter?Capacitance Meter DefinitionA capacitance meter is a device used to measure the capacitance of discrete capacitors.Working PrincipleIt operates based on the proportional relationship between capacitance and a time constant.Measurement MethodCapacitance is measured using a 555 timer by calculating the time period of oscillations.Role of 555 TimerThe 555 timer acts as an astable multivibrator, with its frequency determined by the unknown capacitance (CX).Practical UsePr