1 Introduction to Fault Current Limiter (FCL) TechnologyTraditional passive fault current limitation methods—such as using high-impedance transformers, fixed reactors, or split-busbar operation—suffer from inherent drawbacks, including disruption of grid structure, increased steady-state system impedance, and reduced system security and stability. These approaches are becoming increasingly unsuitable for today's complex and large-scale power grids.In contrast, active fault current li

1 Locations for Installing Fault Current Limiters (FCLs)At Generator Terminals：Installing an FCL at this location reduces the short-circuit current level in the grid during faults, minimizes mechanical and thermal stress on the generator, and consequently reduces losses in equipment and devices.At Plant Distribution Substations：Short-circuit current levels at this location are typically very high. Installing an FCL can significantly suppress fault currents.Across the Entire Busbar：When increasin

1 Bridge-Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiter1.1 Structure and Operating Principle of the Bridge-Type SFCLFigure 1 shows the single-phase circuit diagram of the bridge-type SFCL, which consists of four diodes D₁ to D₄, a DC bias voltage source V_b, and a superconducting coil L. A circuit breaker CB is connected in series with the limiter to interrupt the fault current after it has been limited. The bias source V_b provides a bias current i_b to the superconducting coil L. The voltage of V_

1 Resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiter1.1 Operating PrincipleAs power grid scales continue to expand, the short-circuit capacity of domestic power systems is rapidly increasing, posing significant challenges to grid construction and operation. To address the problem of excessive short-circuit currents, superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) based on superconductivity principles are receiving growing attention. Depending on their damping characteristics when transitioning into

1 IntroductionTo meet the rapidly growing demand for electric energy, power generation, transmission, and distribution systems must develop accordingly. One of the critical issues arising from this development is the rapid increase in short-circuit currents. The rise in short-circuit currents leads to several hazards:overheating of series-connected devices along the fault path;increased transient and recovery voltages during current interruption, which may damage insulation systems;generation of

1. Operation of the System With and Without CLiP (Current-Limiting Device)Under normal operating conditions, the switchboard operates as follows:All bus tie breakers are closed, connecting the three bus sections in parallel;Two generators are online and supplying power to the switchboard.Under this configuration, the prospective fault current at the switchboard is less than 50kA. Therefore, the current-limiting device (CLiP) is not inserted into the circuit.During maintenance operations involvin