Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

Retrofitting microcomputer protection devices in substations should follow specific steps and precautions. A possible retrofit plan is as follows: Investigate the current status: Understand the types, specifications, operating conditions, and existing issues of the microcomputer protection devices in the substation to provide a basis for the retrofit. Develop a retrofit plan: Based on the investigation and requirements, create a detailed plan including specific tasks, technical specifications, i

1. Selection of Test InstrumentsThe main test instruments for microcomputer protection devices are: microcomputer relay protection tester, three-phase current generator, and multimeter. For testing high-voltage microcomputer protection devices, it is recommended to use a microcomputer relay protection tester capable of simultaneously outputting three-phase voltage and three-phase current, and equipped with timing function for digital inputs. For testing low-voltage microcomputer protection devic

I. BackgroundWith the advancement of intelligent power systems, microcomputer protection devices have become core components in modern industrial power distribution systems due to their high precision, multifunctionality, and reliability. Taking the power distribution project of a natural gas recovery station in the Middle East as a case study, this paper explores the critical role of AM series microcomputer protection devices in enhancing system safety, reliability, and automation levels, and a

1.Selection and Role of Microcomputer Integrated Protection Devices1.1 Selection of Microcomputer Integrated Protection DevicesTo ensure a microcomputer integrated protection device correctly and accurately performs its relay protection tasks, selection during design should comprehensively consider reliability, response time, maintenance and commissioning, and additional functions.Signal input for microcomputer integrated protection devices is the same as traditional relay protection: voltage an

High-Voltage Switchgear Room When the length of a high-voltage switchgear room exceeds 7m, two doors should be provided, preferably located at opposite ends. The access door for handling GG-1A type switchgear should be 1.5m wide and 2.5–2.8m high. Recommended dimensions for operating aisles in front of fixed switchgear: 2m for single-row layout and 2.5m for double-row layout, measured from the front of the panels. When a large number of switchgear units are installed, the aisle width may be appr

What is a Switchgear Room?A switchgear room is an indoor electrical distribution facility that supplies power to low-voltage consumers. It typically includes medium-voltage incoming lines (with limited outgoing lines), distribution transformers, and low-voltage switchgear. Facilities operating at 10kV or below are categorized as either high-voltage or low-voltage switchgear rooms. A high-voltage switchgear room generally refers to a 6kV–10kV high-voltage switch compartment, while a low-voltage s

Maintenance of Main and Control Circuits in Low-Voltage Switchgear (Dust Removal); Inspection and Maintenance of Isolators, Circuit Breakers, Contactors, and RelaysI. Preparation and Standards Before Maintenance Pre-Maintenance Preparations: (1) Working Conditions: Scheduled shutdown and power disconnection. (2) Tools and Instruments:Measuring instruments and tools including: insulation resistance tester (megger), clamp meter, multimeter, combination wrenches, voltage tester, electrician pliers,

High- and Low-Voltage Cable Lines and Cable Trays Inspect cable trays for proper closure and secure rodent-proof sealing. High- and low-voltage cable trays should be intact and undamaged. Address any abnormalities promptly and maintain records. Check for water seepage in cable trays entering switchrooms located in basements or low-lying areas. Inspect cable pits and trenches for standing water or debris, and promptly drain water and remove contaminants if found. Cables and cable terminations wit

Operating Conditions for Transformers The installation site must be free from flooding, located at an altitude not exceeding 1,000 meters, and maintained in an ambient temperature not exceeding 40°C. Relative humidity may reach 100% within an operating temperature range of 40°C to -25°C (on-load tap changers and temperature controllers must be rated for -25°C). The installation area should be clean, free from conductive dust and corrosive gases, and equipped with sufficient natural or mechanical

Heidrich Pouring Tank Features a fully integrated online film degassing system for enhanced resin quality. Employs static mixing technology—ensuring contamination-free processing with zero waste. Offers programmable mixing ratios and adjustable pouring speed for precise process control. Achieves an internal vacuum level of 0.8 to 2.5 bar, optimizing resin penetration and impregnation.Horizontal and Vertical Cutting Lines Delivers high-precision machining with a tolerance of ±0.01 mm and burr con