bar → Pa: Pa = bar × 100,000
kPa → Pa: Pa = kPa × 1,000
MPa → Pa: Pa = MPa × 1,000,000
atm → Pa: Pa = atm × 101,325
psi → Pa: Pa = psi × 6,894.76
mmHg → Pa: Pa = mmHg × 133.322
inHg → Pa: Pa = inHg × 3,386.39
mmH₂O → Pa: Pa = mmH₂O × 9.80665
inH₂O → Pa: Pa = inH₂O × 249.089
N/cm² → Pa: Pa = N/cm² × 10,000
kg/cm² → Pa: Pa = kg/cm² × 98,066.5
Convert between common pressure units: bar, Pa, kPa, MPa, atm, psi, mmHg, inHg, mmH₂O, inH₂O, N/cm², and kg/cm². Ideal for engineering, meteorology, medical devices, HVAC systems, and academic learning. Supports real-time bidirectional conversion with high precision.
| Unit | Full Name | Relation to Pascal (Pa) |
|---|---|---|
| bar | Bar | 1 bar = 100,000 Pa |
| Pa | Pascal | 1 Pa = 1 N/m² |
| hPa | Hectopascal | 1 hPa = 100 Pa |
| kPa | Kilopascal | 1 kPa = 1,000 Pa |
| MPa | Megapascal | 1 MPa = 1,000,000 Pa |
| atm | Atmosphere | 1 atm ≈ 101,325 Pa |
| N/cm² | Newton per square centimeter | 1 N/cm² = 10,000 Pa |
| kg/cm² | Kilogram per square centimeter | 1 kg/cm² ≈ 98,066.5 Pa |
| psi | Pound per square inch | 1 psi ≈ 6,894.76 Pa |
| psf | Pound per square foot | 1 psf ≈ 47.8803 Pa |
| mmH₂O | Millimeter of water | 1 mmH₂O ≈ 9.80665 Pa |
| inH₂O | Inch of water | 1 inH₂O ≈ 249.089 Pa |
| mmHg | Millimeter of mercury | 1 mmHg ≈ 133.322 Pa |
| inHg | Inch of mercury | 1 inHg ≈ 3,386.39 Pa |
bar → Pa: Pa = bar × 100,000
kPa → Pa: Pa = kPa × 1,000
MPa → Pa: Pa = MPa × 1,000,000
atm → Pa: Pa = atm × 101,325
psi → Pa: Pa = psi × 6,894.76
mmHg → Pa: Pa = mmHg × 133.322
inHg → Pa: Pa = inHg × 3,386.39
mmH₂O → Pa: Pa = mmH₂O × 9.80665
inH₂O → Pa: Pa = inH₂O × 249.089
N/cm² → Pa: Pa = N/cm² × 10,000
kg/cm² → Pa: Pa = kg/cm² × 98,066.5
kPa: 30 × 6.895 ≈ 206.85 kPa
bar: 206.85 / 100 ≈ 2.07 bar
atm: 206.85 / 101.325 ≈ 2.04 atm
Pa: 120 × 133.322 ≈ 15,998.6 Pa
kPa: 15.9986 kPa
psi: 15.9986 / 6.895 ≈ 2.32 psi
mmH₂O: 200 / 9.80665 ≈ 20.4 mmH₂O
inH₂O: 20.4 / 25.4 ≈ 0.80 inH₂O
hPa: 200 / 100 = 2 hPa
Pa: 1 × 101,325 = 101,325 Pa
bar: 101,325 / 100,000 ≈ 1.01325 bar
mmHg: 101,325 / 133.322 ≈ 760 mmHg
Pa: 10 × 3,386.39 = 33,863.9 Pa
psi: 33,863.9 / 6,894.76 ≈ 4.91 psi
atm: 33,863.9 / 101,325 ≈ 0.334 atm
1.Hydraulic and pneumatic system design：selecting pumps, valves, and cylinders
2.Tire pressure regulation：ensuring optimal vehicle performance and safety
3.Medical devices：blood pressure monitors, ventilators, infusion pumps
4.Meteorology and weather forecasting： atmospheric pressure in hPa or mmHg
5.Vacuum technology and sensor calibration：low-pressure environments
6.Academic learning and exams：physics, engineering, and chemistry course
1.ISO 13448: Measurement of pressure
2.ASTM E2228: Standard Specification for Pressure Transducers
3.IEC 60050: International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
4.Textbooks: "Fluid Mechanics" by Frank M. White, "Engineering Thermodynamics" by Cengel & Boles
bar is a metric unit where 1 bar = 100,000 Pa.
atm (standard atmosphere) is based on Earth's sea-level pressure: 1 atm ≈ 101,325 Pa.
So: 1 atm ≈ 1.01325 bar.
They are close but not equal.
mmHg (millimeters of mercury) is traditional because early sphygmomanometers used mercury columns.
It’s still used today due to historical standardization and precision.
Normal blood pressure is around 120/80 mmHg.
Use the formula:
bar = psi × 0.06895
Example: 30 psi × 0.06895 ≈ 2.07 bar
Yes!
Negative pressures represent vacuum or sub-atmospheric conditions.
For example: -10 kPa means 10 kPa below atmospheric pressure.
Common in HVAC, vacuum pumps, and medical suction devices.
1 kg/cm² ≈ 98,066.5 Pa
1 bar = 100,000 Pa
So: 1 kg/cm² ≈ 0.980665 bar
And: 1 bar ≈ 1.0197 kg/cm²
No practical limit. The calculator handles very small (e.g., micro-Pa) and very large (e.g., GPa) values.
However, most applications use typical ranges:
Atmosphere: 100–101,325 Pa
Tire: 200–300 kPa
Medical: 0–300 mmHg
Industrial: 1–100 MPa
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