Kabiliya na kashi da girman kable

Daɗi ƙarin bayanin fahimtar takwacin fuses ta hanyar IEC 60269-1. "An haɗa tsari da karamin yara: yaɗu, tana ƙunshi, yana nuna ingantaccen gudummawa (g ko a); na biyu, mai karfi, yana nuna ƙungiyar amfani." — Da hanyar IEC 60269-1 Me Meen Fuses Application Categories? Fuses application categories yana nuna: Na'urar jikin da ke ƙare fuses Tsari a kan magana a lokacin ƙungiyoyi Ina iya ƙare ƙungiyoyi masu tsawo Yawan gyara da circuit breakers da wasu ƙungiyoyin da suke ƙare Wasu categories wadannan suna taimakawa waɗannan suka yi aiki da kyau da gyaran a cikin systems of power distribution. Standard Classification System (IEC 60269-1) Two-Letter Code Format Yaɗu na biyu (mai ƙunshi): Ingantaccen gudummawa Yaɗu na biyu (mai karfi): Ƙungiyar amfani Yaɗu Na Biyu: Interruption Field Letter Meaning `g` General purpose – ina iya ƙare duka ƙungiyoyi a kan tsawon ƙare. `a` Limited application – an yi don ƙare overloads kawai, ba ƙare ƙungiyoyi masu tsawo ba. Yaɗu Na Biyu: Ƙungiyar Amfani Letter Application `G` General-purpose fuse – ina iya ƙare conductors da cables daga overcurrents da ƙungiyoyi masu tsawo. `M` Motor protection – an yi don motors, ina ƙare thermal overload protection da ƙungiyoyi masu tsawo na ƙarin. `L` Lighting circuits – ana amfani a lighting installations, yawanci da ƙarfin ƙare na ƙarin. `T` Time-delayed (slow-blow) fuses – don equipment da suka ƙare high inrush currents (e.g., transformers, heaters). `R` Restricted use – ƙungiyoyi mai ƙarin da suka bukata characteristics mai ƙarin. Common Fuse Types & Their Uses Code Full Name Typical Applications `gG` General-purpose fuse Main circuits, distribution boards, branch circuits `gM` Motor protection fuse Motors, pumps, compressors `aM` Limited motor protection Small motors inda ba a bukata ƙare ƙungiyoyi masu tsawo ba `gL` Lighting fuse Lighting circuits, domestic installations `gT` Time-delay fuse Transformers, heaters, starters `aR` Restricted use fuse Specialized industrial equipment Why This Matters Amfani da ƙungiyar fuses na baya zai iya ƙara: Failure to clear faults → fire risk Unnecessary tripping → downtime Incompatibility with circuit breakers Violation of safety standards (IEC, NEC) Always select the correct fuse based on: Circuit type (motor, lighting, general) Load characteristics (inrush current) Required breaking capacity Coordination with upstream protection

Na gida na nufin daɗi mai yawa don alama kimiyya da elektroni a cikin IEC 60617. "An alama elektronika shine piktogram wadanda a yi amfani da ita don taimaka wa'azi abubuwa daban-daban na kimiyya ko elektronika ko kuma abubuwan da suke a cikin diagram na kimiyya ko elektronika." — Da kyau a cikin IEC 60617 Meen Yana Nufin Alama Kimiyya? Alama kimiyya suna nufin piktogram wadanda ke taimaka wa'azi abubuwa da kuma abubuwan da suke a cikin diagram na kimiyya. Suna taimaka masu inganci, fannimai, da kuma masu siffar sahihi: Tambayatawar kimiyya da ma'ana Fahimtar gwamnati mai sauƙi Bincike da bayyana diagram na kimiyya Dakatar da hanyoyi a cikin tattalin arziki da kasashen Wasu alama aini suna nuna ne a cikin IEC 60617 , babban kungiyar na alama grafik a cikin ilimin kimiyya. Mee Ya Nufin IEC 60617? IEC 60617 ya ba da: Fahimta ta duniya — alama mafi yawan sama a duniya Bayanin da dalilin — ya ba da tsarin bayanin da dalilin Interoperability — taimaka waɗannan abubuwa a kan tattalin aiki a duniya Kula da — ya shafi a cikin wasu tattalin aiki da kasuwanci Alama Kimiyya Mafi Yawan Amfani & Ma'anarsu Tafar Alama Alama Abu Bayani Power Source / Battery Yana nuna mai yawa na DC; yanayin (+) da (-) ana nuna AC Supply Mai yawa na AC (misali, mains power) Resistor Yana haɗa wannan alama; ana nuna ɗari na resistance (misali, 1kΩ) Capacitor Yana adana energy mai yawa; ina iya zama polarized (electrolytic) ko non-polarized Inductor / Coil Yana adana energy a cikin magnetic field; ana amfani da ita a cikin filters da transformers Diode Yana haɗa wannan alama da yake a kan yawan; arrow yana nuna direction LED (Light Emitting Diode) Diode mai yawa wadanda yana fito lafiya idan yawan Lamp / Bulb Yana nuna lighting load Transformer Yana rubuta AC voltage levels a cikin primary da secondary windings Switch Yana kontrollo continuity na circuit; ina iya zama open ko closed Relay Electrically operated switch controlled by coil Ground Connection to earth or reference potential Fuse Yana da muhimmanci wajen protection na circuit from overcurrent; breaks if current exceeds rating Circuit Breaker Automatically interrupts fault current; resettable Fuse Holder Enclosure for fuse; may include indicator Terminal Block Point where wires connect; often used in control panels Motor Rotating machine driven by electricity Integrated Circuit (IC) Complex semiconductor device; multiple pins Transistor (NPN/PNP) Amplifier or switch; three terminals (Base, Collector, Emitter) Meen Yana Nufin IEE-Business? This web-based reference helps you: Identify unknown symbols in schematics Draw accurate circuit diagrams Learn standard notation for exams or projects Improve communication with electricians and engineers You can bookmark this page or save it offline for quick access during work or study.

Daɗiƙar gudummawa na ƙarin daɗiƙa da kuma tattalin daɗiƙa na abubuwa a cikin yankunan da dama, tun daga IEC standards. "Bayanin ƙarin daɗiƙa da kuma tattalin daɗiƙa na abubuwa a kan faren lasshi. Ƙarin daɗiƙa ya shafi da mafi girgirin abubuwa a cikin abubuwa. Ƙarin daɗiƙa na copper kamar IEC 60028, ƙarin daɗiƙa na aluminium kamar IEC 60889." Paramatar Ƙarin Daɗiƙa Ƙarin daɗiƙa ce babban alamomin abubuwa wanda yake tsara da yadda aka iya daɗiƙar karamin lafiya. Tattalin Daɗiƙa Tattalin daɗiƙa ce muhimmanci ƙarin daɗiƙa. Yana nuna kyakkyawan abubuwan da suka daɗiƙar karamin lafiya. Farkon Lasshi Farkon lasshi na ƙarin daɗiƙa na abubuwan da suka daɗiƙar karamin lafiya. Rumun Farkon Lasshi ρ(T) = ρ₀ [1 + α (T - T₀)] Amsa: ρ(T): ƙarin daɗiƙa a lasshin T ρ₀: ƙarin daɗiƙa a lasshin T₀ (20°C) α: farkon lasshi na ƙarin daɗiƙa (°C⁻¹) T: lasshi na yi aiki a °C Matukuntukan Amsa (IEC 60028, IEC 60889) Abubuwa Ƙarin Daɗiƙa @ 20°C (Ω·m) Tattalin Daɗiƙa (S/m) α (°C⁻¹) Standard Copper (Cu) 1.724 × 10⁻⁸ 5.796 × 10⁷ 0.00393 IEC 60028 Aluminum (Al) 2.828 × 10⁻⁸ 3.536 × 10⁷ 0.00403 IEC 60889 Silver (Ag) 1.587 × 10⁻⁸ 6.300 × 10⁷ 0.0038 – Gold (Au) 2.44 × 10⁻⁸ 4.10 × 10⁷ 0.0034 – Iron (Fe) 9.7 × 10⁻⁸ 1.03 × 10⁷ 0.005 – Mahimmancin Girgirin Abubuwa Kwana mafi girgirin abubuwa zai iya sa ƙarin daɗiƙa zuwa 20%. Misali: Copper mai girgiri: ~1.724 × 10⁻⁸ Ω·m Copper mai asibiti: zuwa 20% masu shi Yi amfani da copper mai girgiri don ingantaccen ayyuka kamar hanyar daɗiƙar karamin lafiya. Amfani Daban-Daban Hanyar Daɗiƙar Karamin Lafiya : Bayyana daɗiƙar karamin lafiya da zaka bayyana hanyar daɗiƙar karamin lafiya Windings na Motor : Bincike ƙarin daɗiƙa a lasshin yi aiki Traces na PCB : Modello fina-finai da kuma samun daɗiƙar karamin lafiya Sensors : Calibrate RTDs da kuma samun daɗiƙar karamin lasshi