PMU zehaztasun handiko banaketa lerro babesaren automatizazio sistema
PMU banaketa lerroaren babesa automatikoko sistema bat da, lerroko banaketa automatizazio sistem berria.
gaur egun dauden arazoen, bereziki lurreko akastunen, ebazteko.
hau Banaketa Sarea osoan sinchronizatutako Fasoreneko Neurketa-μPMU teknologiaren gainean oinarrituta dago.
PMU (phasor measurement unit), gailu independente bat edo modulu bat. Tentsioa/igorleko datuak BDS/GPS timestamp batekin dira, mikrosekundu mailako zehaztasunez.
Oinarrizko funtzioak: • Fasorea: anplitudea, angelua, • Maiztasuna (f) eta Maiztasun Aldaketak (△f/△t)
μPMU Hardware Architecture Block Diagram
Herritarra zabaltzen duen neurketa sistema (WAMS)
• PMU neurketak munduko ordu estandarra (UTC)rekin absolutoki sinkronizatuak daude
• Zabalgarriko neurketen sinkronizazioa hainbat PMUren artean, kokapen desberdinetan instalatuta
• Tentsioa/igorlekotasuna matematikoki adierazita:
Airean goazen igorle-sensorra i-WCS – Kanala bakarreko igorle PMU
Banaketako sarreren arazuen soluzioa, banaketako sarrera PMU eta zabaltzen den fasoreneko neurketa teknologia oinarrituta.
• Altu-zehaztasuneko eta altu-maiztasuneko igorle-acquisitioa
• Zabaltzen den sinkronizazioa, indarki-indar
• Bizi instalatzea, IP67 babesa
• Bi noranzko fluxu indarrerako edo errekularrareko lanbide operazioetarako euskarriria
• 3G/4G/ 5G komunikazioa：
a. Periodikoki harmoniko guztiak txosten
b. Tokiko gertaerak datuak igotzeko aktibatzen dituzte
c. Urretik deia eta test espezifikoetarako une jakin batetako datuak
• 1μs zabaltzen den sinkronizazioa
• 12.8kHz laguntza maiztasuna
• 60 minutsko ondoa grabatzeko eta erreproduzitzeko
• 0.5 neurtzeko zehaztasuna
• 3.5A funtzio osoko minimo eragile-igotzaile tentsioa
Kable motako igorle-sensorra RCMU – Kanal anitzeko igorle PMU
RCMU - Lurreko kableko igorle sensorra
• 1μs zabaltzen den sinkronizazioa
• 12.8kHz laguntza maiztasuna
• 0.5 neurtzeko zehaztasuna
• 60 minutsko datu erreproduzioa
• 3 igorle neurketa
• Wireless/wired urruneko transmitizioa
• Hiru faseko igorlea bildu, airezko motaren printzipio bera, errekularrareko unitate nagusientzat, aldaketako geltokia, subestazioa.
• Zabaltzen den sinkronizazioa, indarki-indar, edo 24V/48V DC indarrerako euskarriria
• Tokiko akatsen algoritmoa igorlekotasuna oinarritzat:
a. Kortadura overcurrent
b. Zero sekuentzia overcurrent
c. Asimetrikoki faseko igorle
• Ondo grabatzeko neurketa, Distributed fault lokazioa eusten du
• Bi noranzko fluxu indarrerako edo errekularrareko lanbide operazioetarako euskarriria
• 3G/4G/5G edo sarekomunikazioa
Bus Collecting Unit BDCU – Single/Multiple Voltage PMU
Tokiko eta kanpo tokiko mota
• 220V AC/24V DC indarrerako euskarriria • Fibra optika, wired, wireless
• IEC 60870-5- 101/104/DNP3 • 300 igorle sensorra sar dezake Voltage Acquisition：
• 1μs zabaltzen den sinkronizazioa
• 1.0 neurtzeko zehaztasuna
• 12.8kHz laguntza maiztasuna
• 60 minutsko ondoa grabatzeko erreproduzioa
Fase bakarreko lurreko akastun baterako lurreko igorlekoa 1A baino handiagoa denean, detektatze eta kokapen zehaztasuna 100% da, 0 faltsu positiboren aurka
• Zero sekuentziako tensiora bildu, lurreko akastunaren grabaketa hasi
• Grabaketa ondoi bildu eta prozesatu, eta akastuna osoan aztertu
• Seguruan sartu nagusira banaketa elektrikoa
a. Estazioa lurrera insulazio ikusketa gailu gisa erabili
b. Estazioan lurrera insulazio ikusketa gailu gisa erabili
c. Ez daude master estazioari mendekatzen akastunak burutzeko
The Composition of Intelligent Distribution Network Condition Monitoring System Based on PMU Measurement
Distribution Network Usage Scenarios
Typical Use of PMU - Line Condition Assessment
Typical Use of PMU - Distributed Wave Recording
Lerro eta estazioen puntu guztietako monitorizazio datuak microsekundo mailako denbora absolutuarekin etiketatzen dira. Gertaera hasteko baldintza predefinituak bete ondoren gaiturik dauden gailuak grabaketa aktibatu dezakete. Eskaintzen du "snapshot" osoaren datuei esker gertaera bakoitzaren denbora berreskuratzeko nonahi edozein kokapetan grabatutako sensor guztien datuetara arte. Datu globalak eskaintzen ditu gertaera analisi xehetasunez eta prozesu alderantzikatzea, atzeratzea, eta egoera anormalen aurretasuna, etab. errazteko.
Typical Use of PMU - Power Quality Monitoring
Sensorak harmonikoak errealitatean kalkula daitezke eta txosten. Zabaltzen den sinkronizazio datuei oinarrituta, tres fasetako ez-balantzea, sarea maiztasuna eta maiztasun aldaketarako tasa kalkula daiteke, eta kontaminazio iturri karga kokatu daiteke.
Typical Use of PMU - Electricity Anti-stealing
Erabiltzailearen igorle-kontsultak eta hauta-forma batentzat, kontsulta ezaugarriak analizatu eta identifikatu, eta terminalaren erabiltzaile elektrikoa monitorizatu, elektrikoa remote monitorizatzeko eta diagnoztikatzeko erabil daiteke.
Typical Use of PMU: Fault Warning, Traceability and Process Inversion
Warning：
• 2017-10-30 12:15:39：081719, line 115, pole 1# 64#, phase A to ground
• 2017-10-30 12:15:39：093125 , line 117, pole 29#, phase B grounded short circuit, peak flow exceeds 1000A
• 2017-10-30 12:15:39：115468 , Line 115, between poles 1# and 64#, phase A and C short circuit, Peak current at pole 1# exceeds 5000A Field feedback and fault process inversion:
• A car collision accident occurred at pole 52# on line 115
• The inspection found a burn mark in the cable cabinet somewhere behind the pole 29# on line 117
• Speculating that phase A conductor of line 115 falls down the cross arm and causes grounding, and the electric voltage of the non-fault phase increases, which leads to the breakdown of the insulation weak point phase B behind the pole 29# of line 117, forming the short circuit of the phases A and B of different lines and generating the peak current over 1000A
• After tens of milliseconds, the phase C conductor at the pole 52# of Line 115 also falls off the cross arm, causing short circuit of Phase A and C. When the peak of short-circuit current exceeds 5000A, the relay protection at the outlet of the line is operated. After the switch trips, the system runs normally, indicating that the insulation of the original breakdown point of the pole 29# of the line 117 is restored.
Typical Use of PMU: Disconnection grounding fault location
• 2018-10-05，15:27:45:395312， First alarm, the assignment notice is received.
“Allocation notice: 10kV Section 2 Phase A is connected to the ground at 15:29” “Allocation notice: 10kV Section 2 Phase A grounding disappear at 15:47 ”
• Patrol to confirm the break of 127-1-28# of Line 121 branch
• Timely discovery of broken wire contact, to avoid passers-by close to the electric shock. It is speculated that the ground jitter of the broken insulated conductor causes multiple grounding. After the metal core is retracted into the insulation layer, the phase loss operation will result in the bus voltage returning to normal
• During this time, typhoon "Connie" passed through, so it is speculated that the disconnected line was caused by typhoon.
Typical Use of PMU: Big Data + AI Identification Guide to Find Fault Switches
It is Small resistance grounding system, PMU sensor configuration.
whole process of fault identification and confirmation:
• 2020.11.25 - 2021.2.5, C28YC line had 5 grounding alarms, and all the alarm had the same characteristics, but the fault point could not be found
during on-site inspection.
• The AI identified a match between the characteristics of the second half of the cycle and a type of waveform in the historical database, and deduced that it was a switch defect.
• On February 5, 2021, the on-site personnel had a target in mind and found the switch fault at pole 84.
Typical Use of PMU: Line Insulation Warning - Reason: Meteorological Disaster
Line Neutral Grounding Mode: bus 1 arc suppression coil, bus 2 ungrounded PMU Sensor Layout Details:
System warning times: 13 times
Fault evolution process: on the afternoon of August 13, 2019, there were 13 disturbances, all indicating that they occurred in the same line section. The zero-sequence voltage rises continuously from 20V at the beginning of the warning to 30V at the end. The zero-sequence current increases from 3A to 5A, and the insulation of the line deteriorates. Due to the backlog of emergency repair tasks caused by typhoon one day ago, the priority of early warning and shortage elimination work has been postponed. After 9 hours deterioration into a short circuit, protective action trip, resulting in power failure.
Typical Use of PMU: Line Insulation Warning - Cause: Conflict with Trees
Starting from 21 o 'clock on 2020.5.25, nearly one hundred weak disturbance events were perceived, all of which occurred in the same place.
The damping resistance of the arc suppression coil in the station is seriously heated.
The maintenance personnel patrolled the line according to the warning information.
After clearing the tree barriers and removing the defects, the insulation of about 14 points of the line was completely restored and the system returned to normal.
Typical Use of PMU: Line Fault Warning - Cause: Bird Damage Line Neutral
System warning times: 10
Fault evolution process: From 19:57:41 to 22:48:18 on July 7, 2018, dozens of alarms were raised in the same place.
The time between two faults is getting shorter and the frequency is getting higher, which shows the trend of developing into permanent single-phase grounding faults. At around 10:50, the maintenance personnel manually pulled the switch on the site, destroyed the bird's nest in the fault section, closed the switch to restore power transmission, the fault disappeared.
Typical Use of UCMU : Equipment Failure Warning - Cause: External Force Damage the Cable
Line neutral grounding mode: neutral grounding through arc suppression coil SMS warning times: 1
Fault Evolution Process: Multiple instantaneous grounding occurred since 15:22 on April 24, 2020, and the system pushed multiple warning information. In order to avoid frequent warning of short messages caused by instantaneous disturbance, the system sets three instantaneous grounding times within 20 minutes as the condition for pushing warning short messages. This condition can be improved through the accumulation and learning of big data by setting frequency. By 17:46, it became permanently grounded and lasted for 55 minutes.
Typical Use of PMU: Equipment Failure Warning - Cause: Switchgear Insulation Deterioration
System Warning Times: 4
Fault Evolution Process: During the period of 2020.11.21 to 2020.11.24, there was 4 instantaneous grounding and 1 permanent grounding, and it eventually evolved into a
short circuit fault. The system recorded 5 grounding faults with the same fault interval, imilar waveform and obvious arc pull characteristics, which were judged to be insulation faults at the same location.
