Transformador mugurra ikastaroak: Espazio handiagoa eta kostu gutxiago tradizionalen transformadoreetatik alde
1.Integrated Design & Protection Features of American-Style Pad-Mounted Transformers
1.1 Integrated Design Architecture
Amerikar estiluko pad-mountatutako transformadoreek diseinu konbinatu bat erabiltzen dute, oinarrizko elementuak integrazioan - transformadoreko nukleo, biraka, tenperatura altua kargatze ixtegi, fusoak, arresterak - oli tanku bakar batean, transformadorearen oliari isolamendu eta zerbitzatzeko erabiliz. Estructura bi zati nagusietatik osatuta dago:
- Aurreko Zatia:Tenperatura Altua & Baxua Kudeaketa Kompartimentua (elbow plug-in konektoreek live-front kudeaketa ahalbidetzen duten).
- Atzoko Zatia:Oli betearen kompartimentoa eta hazten duen finak (oli-zeharkako hazte sistema).
1.2 Dual Protection Mechanism
- Plug-in Fuses:Bigarren aldeko akats fluxuak babestu.
- Backup Current-Limiting Fuses:Lehenengo aldeko akats garrantzitsuak babestu.
- Overload Capacity:Diseinu originalak 2 orduz igaro daiteke 200% rated load; arrunt gehienetan eguneroko aldaketak 130% rated load 2 orduz.
1.3 Principle Differences vs. Conventional Transformers
Transformadore tradizioalek "switchgear - transformadore - banaketa gailu" diseinu desberdina erabiltzen dute. Amerikar estiluko pad-mountatutako transformadoreek oli-zeharkako integrazioa erabiltzen dute kable konexioen minimizatzeko, 40%-60% gehiago strukturalki kompakta lortuz.
2. Core Differences: Pad-Mounted Transformers vs. Conventional Transformers
|
Konparazio Dimentsioa |
Pad-Mounted Transformadorea |
Transformadore Tradizioala (Europar Estiloa) |
Transformadore Tradizioala (Zuriak) |
|
Bolumena & Ondare Espazioa |
~6 m², diseinu kompakta |
8-30 m², H itxura duen diseinua |
Bolumen erdian, instalazio ingurumen espetsiala beharrezkoa |
|
Overload Capacity |
130%-200% rated load |
110%-130% rated load |
110%-120% rated load |
|
Zorroratasuna |
40.5-60 dB (hainbat frekuentziako zorroratasun handia) |
30-40 dB (zorroratasun txikiagoa) |
Oil-immersed berdintsua; ingurumen lagungarriagoa |
|
Investigazio Hasiera |
RMB 400,000-410,000 / unit |
RMB 450,000-560,000 / unit |
Oil-immersed baino handiagoa (~RMB 550,000 / unit) |
|
Maintenace Cost |
Ertaina (antikorrosio lan periodikoak, oli aldaketa behar dira) |
Baxua (akats-tasa txikiagoa) |
Handiagoa (espezializatutako, ingurumen-sensibiletasuna mantentzeko behar diren) |
|
Applicable Scenarios |
Espazio mugatua; energia berriztagarria proiektuetan; indarra temporala |
Fiabletasu handia eskatzen duten lekuetan; hiri oineko zonal |
Soinu/sensibiletasun handia duen zonal (adibidez, eraikinetako negozioak) |
3. Application Benefits of Pad-Mounted Transformers in Typical Scenarios
3.1 Urban Grid Renovation
- Case Study:Shanghairako indar-kompania 1,103 Amerikar estiluko pad-mount (49% partekada) erabili zuen bizi-lurretan. Eskola primarioen berrikuspen proiektu baten orduan RMB 640,000 gastatu zituen 15 egunetan amaitu ondoren.
- Noise Reduction Solution:"shell - acoustic cotton lining - shell" soinu-absorbentsu estructurea erabilita, soinua 60dBtik 40dBra behera murriztu, GB 3096 noizko standarrarekin bat datorrela.
3.2 Renewable Energy Projects (Wind Farms / Solar PV)
- Cost Efficiency:35/0.69kV wind farm step-up transformer cost RMB 410,000/unit, RMB 100,000-150,000 lower than European-style units. Line losses reduced by 10%-15%.
- Anti-Corrosion Process:Coastal areas utilized "shot blasting derusting + epoxy zinc-rich primer + polyurethane topcoat". Equipment at a Guangdong wind farm showed no corrosion after 8 months.
3.3 Temporary Power & Peripheral Scenarios
- Advantages:Small size (easy transport); elbow connectors enable live-front operation; suitable for construction sites & remote areas.
- Limitations:Requires integration with ring main units (RMUs) to enhance power supply reliability.
4. Optimal Application Scenarios & Selection Guidelines
4.1 Priority Application Scenarios
- Space-constrained areas:Old urban districts, narrow streets.
- Renewable Energy Projects:Wind farms, distributed PV grid connection points.
- Temporary Power Supply:Construction sites, temporary event venues.
- Cost-sensitive projects:Distribution network construction with limited initial investment budget.
4.2 Selection Considerations
- Environmental Adaptation:Use triple-protection coating (epoxy zinc-rich primer + polyurethane topcoat) in high salt-spray regions. Enhanced cooling design required in high-altitude areas.
- Reliability Trade-off:Prioritize European-style units for high-rise buildings and critical public facilities. Avoid American-style units in areas with rapid load growth (capacity increase requires pad reconstruction).
- Noise Control:Utilize noise-reduction enclosures or flexible connections in urban residential zones to mitigate low-frequency noise impact.
