Mfumo wa utaratibu na uhusiano wa huduma ya umuhimu mkubwa wa kipengele cha kutoa nguvu kwa mzunguko mrefu

Mfumo wa utaratibu wa umaliza kwa mstari wa vifaa vya PMU ni mfumo mpya wa utaratibu wa umaliza wa vifaa.

unategemea kwa kutatua matatizo yanayopo hasa ya matatizo ya nyuma.

ambayo inategemea kwenye uchunguzi wa mtaani wa vito vya simu na vito vya muhimu -μPMU.

PMU (phasor measurement unit), kifaa au moduli chenye ustadi. Data za kuchunguza kasi ya kilovolts/kiamperes zote zinazozidi US level zina timestamp ya BDS/GPS.

Vitendo msingi: • Phasor: amplitude, phase Angle, • Frequency (f) na Mabadiliko ya Frequency (△f/△t)

μPMU Hardware Architecture Block Diagram

Mfumo wa Uchunguzi wa Maeneo Makuu (WAMS)
• Mataarifa ya PMU yanaotenganishwa kabisa na Muda wa Kimataifa (UTC)
• Uchunguzi wa maeneo makuu wa usambazaji wa PMU zaidi
• Muhtasari wa hisabati wa ishara ya kilovolts/kiamperes:

Kivuli cha Kiasi cha Kiamperes i-WCS – Single Channel Current PMU

Suluhisho la matatizo ya mtaa wa vifaa vilivyofanikiwa kwa kutumia PMU na teknolojia ya uchunguzi wa phasor wa maeneo makuu.

• Kusanyika kwa ufanisi na kasi ya juu ya kiamperes
• Usambazaji wa maeneo makuu, induksi ya nguvu
• Uwekezaji wa kiwango, IP67 protection
• Upendo wa mzunguko wa nguvu au mtandao wa ring
• mawasiliano 3G/4G/ 5G：
a. Ripoti ya kila harmonic
b. Vitendo vya mahali vinavyosababisha kuongeza data
c. Kutuma na kutest kwa wakati specific

• 1μs Synchronization ya maeneo makuu
• 12.8kHz Sample frequency
• 60 min Wave record and playback
• 0.5 Measuring accuracy
• 3.5A Full function minimum operating current

Kivuli cha Aina ya Cable RCMU – Multichannel Current PMU

RCMU - sensor wa kiasi cha kiamperesi wa kibamba

• 1μs Synchronization ya maeneo makuu
• 12.8kHz Sample frequency
• 0.5 Measuring accuracy
• 60 min Data Playback
• 3 current measuring
• Wireless/wired remote transmission

• Kusanyika kwa kiasi cha tatu, sawa na sifa za aina ya juu, inapatikana kwa ring main unit, switching station, substation.
• Usambazaji wa maeneo makuu, induksi ya nguvu, au DC power supply 24V/48V
• Algorithm of local fault decision based on current:
a. Short-circuit overcurrent
b. Zero sequence overcurrent
c. Asymmetric phase current
• Wave record called measurement, Support distributed fault location
• Support bi-directional power flow or ring network operation
• 3G/4G/5G or network communication

Bus Collecting Unit BDCU – Single/Multiple Voltage PMU

Aina ya ndani na nje

• Umeme wa AC/DC 220V/24V • Fiber optic, wired, wireless
• IEC 60870-5- 101/104/DNP3 • 300 current sensors can be accessed Voltage Acquisition：
• 1μs Synchronization ya maeneo makuu
• 1.0 Measuring accuracy
• 12.8kHz Sampling frequency
• 60 min Wave record playback

Kwa matatizo ya grounding ya single-phase na ground current zaidi ya 1A, uchunguzi na upatikanio wa namba ni 100%, na 0 false positives
• Kusanyika zero sequence voltage, start recording of earth fault
• Kusanyika na kutengeneza ripoti ya wave, na kutathmini matatizo kwa ujumla
• Upatikanio salama kwenye stesheni kuu ya umeme
a. Kutumika kama kifaa cha udhibiti wa insulation ya grounding
b. Kutumika kama kifaa cha udhibiti wa insulation ya grounding
c. Si kufanya kujitumaini kwenye stesheni kuu kwa kutatua matatizo

The Composition of Intelligent Distribution Network Condition Monitoring System Based on PMU Measurement

Distribution Network Usage Scenarios

Typical Use of PMU - Line Condition Assessment

Typical Use of PMU - Distributed Wave Recording

Data ya kusanyika kwa majengo yote katika mstari na stesheni yana label ya muda wa kimataifa kwa kiwango cha mikrosekunde. Kifaa chochote linaweza kukusanya data wakati masharti mapema yamepatikana. Inatoa "snapshot" ya mtandao mzima kwa kutumia callback ya muda wa kitu chochote katika eneo lolote hadi data ya kusanyika kwa kila sensor. Inatoa data ya kimataifa kwa tahadhari ya vitendo na kutunza rekodi, kutafuta, na kutaja hali mbaya.

Typical Use of PMU - Power Quality Monitoring

Sensor anaweza kuhesabu na kuripoti harmonics kwa muda. Kwa kutumia data ya usambazaji wa maeneo makuu, vipimo vya ubora wa nguvu vyanavyokuwa na umuhimu wanaweza kuhesabiwa, na kutaja tofauti za mizizi ya umeme.

Typical Use of PMU - Electricity Anti-stealing

Kwa kutumia data ya kiasa ya upande wa juu na waveform ya kiamperesi, viwango vya kiasa vinaweza kutathmini na kutambua, na kudhibiti tabia ya kiasa ya mtumiaji, ambayo inaweza kutumika kwa kutambua na kutaja hali ya vifaa vya umeme.

Typical Use of PMU: Fault Warning, Traceability and Process Inversion

Warning：
• 2017-10-30 12:15:39：081719, mstari 115, pole 1# 64#, phase A to ground
• 2017-10-30 12:15:39：093125 , mstari 117, pole 29#, phase B grounded short circuit, peak flow exceeds 1000A
• 2017-10-30 12:15:39：115468 , Mstari 115, kati ya poles 1# na 64#, phase A na C short circuit, Peak current at pole 1# exceeds 5000A Field feedback and fault process inversion:
• Tukio la magonjwa la gari limetokea pole 52# mstari 115
• Utambuzi ulipata alama ya moto kwenye boksi ya kabeli kwenye sehemu fulani nyuma pole 29# mstari 117
• Speculating that phase A conductor of line 115 falls down the cross arm and causes grounding, and the electric voltage of the non-fault phase increases, which leads to the breakdown of the insulation weak point phase B behind pole 29# of line 117, forming the short circuit of the phases A and B of different lines and generating the peak current over 1000A
• After tens of milliseconds, the phase C conductor at the pole 52# of Line 115 also falls off the cross arm, causing short circuit of Phase A and C. When the peak of short-circuit current exceeds 5000A, the relay protection at the outlet of the line is operated. After the switch trips, the system runs normally, indicating that the insulation of the original breakdown point of the pole 29# of the line 117 is restored.

Typical Use of PMU: Disconnection grounding fault location

• 2018-10-05，15:27:45:395312， First alarm, the assignment notice is received. "Allocation notice: 10kV Section 2 Phase A is connected to the ground at 15:29" "Allocation notice: 10kV Section 2 Phase A grounding disappear at 15:47"
• Patrol to confirm the break of 127-1-28# of Line 121 branch
• Timely discovery of broken wire contact, to avoid passers-by close to the electric shock. It is speculated that the ground jitter of the broken insulated conductor causes multiple grounding. After the metal core is retracted into the insulation layer, the phase loss operation will result in the bus voltage returning to normal
• During this time, typhoon "Connie" passed through, so it is speculated that the disconnected line was caused by typhoon.

Typical Use of PMU: Big Data + AI Identification Guide to Find Fault Switches

It is Small resistance grounding system, PMU sensor configuration.

Whole process of fault identification and confirmation:
• 2020.11.25 - 2021.2.5, C28YC line had 5 grounding alarms, and all the alarm had the same characteristics, but the fault point could not be found during on-site inspection.
• The AI identified a match between the characteristics of the second half of the cycle and a type of waveform in the historical database, and deduced that it was a switch defect.
• On February 5, 2021, the on-site personnel had a target in mind and found the switch fault at pole 84.

Typical Use of PMU: Line Insulation Warning - Reason: Meteorological Disaster

Line Neutral Grounding Mode: bus 1 arc suppression coil, bus 2 ungrounded PMU Sensor Layout Details:

System warning times: 13 times
Fault evolution process: on the afternoon of August 13, 2019, there were 13 disturbances, all indicating that they occurred in the same line section. The zero-sequence voltage rises continuously from 20V at the beginning of the warning to 30V at the end. The zero-sequence current increases from 3A to 5A, and the insulation of the line deteriorates. Due to the backlog of emergency repair tasks caused by typhoon one day ago, the priority of early warning and shortage elimination work has been postponed. After 9 hours deterioration into a short circuit, protective action trip, resulting in power failure.

Typical Use of PMU: Line Insulation Warning - Cause: Conflict with Trees

Starting from 21 o'clock on 2020.5.25, nearly one hundred weak disturbance events were perceived, all of which occurred in the same place. The damping resistance of the arc suppression coil in the station is seriously heated. The maintenance personnel patrolled the line according to the warning information. After clearing the tree barriers and removing the defects, the insulation of about 14 points of the line was completely restored and the system returned to normal.

Typical Use of PMU: Line Fault Warning - Cause: Bird Damage Line Neutral

System warning times: 10
Fault evolution process: From 19:57:41 to 22:48:18 on July 7, 2018, dozens of alarms were raised in the same place. The time between two faults is getting shorter and the frequency is getting higher, which shows the trend of developing into permanent single-phase grounding faults. At around 10:50, the maintenance personnel manually pulled the switch on the site, destroyed the bird's nest in the fault section, closed the switch to restore power transmission, the fault disappeared.

Typical Use of UCMU : Equipment Failure Warning - Cause: External Force Damage the Cable

Line neutral grounding mode: neutral grounding through arc suppression coil SMS warning times: 1

Fault Evolution Process: Multiple instantaneous grounding occurred since 15:22 on April 24, 2020, and the system pushed multiple warning information. In order to avoid frequent warning of short messages caused by instantaneous disturbance, the system sets three instantaneous grounding times within 20 minutes as the condition for pushing warning short messages. This condition can be improved through the accumulation and learning of big data by setting frequency. By 17:46, it became permanently grounded and lasted for 55 minutes.

Typical Use of PMU: Equipment Failure Warning - Cause: Switchgear Insulation Deterioration

System Warning Times: 4
Fault Evolution Process: During the period of 2020.11.21 to 2020.11.24, there was 4 instantaneous grounding and 1 permanent grounding, and it eventually evolved into a short circuit fault. The system recorded 5 grounding faults with the same fault interval, similar waveform and obvious arc pull characteristics, which were judged to be insulation faults at the same location.