Solusyon sa Pagpili ug Paghahatag sa Kable

2yrs + staff 1000+m² US$300,000,000+ China

(I) Background sa Problema
Ang pagtitiyak sa matagumpay, matatag, ug epektibong operasyon sa mga sistema sa elektrisidad nga kable sa dili pa mapuslan ang importante aron masiguro ang pagpatuloy sa produksyon, pangadlaw-adlaw nga kinabuhi, ug operasyon sa mga pasilidad. Ang maayo nga pilihan ang pundasyon sa kahandalan sa sistema, samtang ang konsistent ug epektibong pamamahala sa pagmantala mao ang core nga proteksyon labi na kontra sa mga sayop, pagpadayon sa lifespan sa cable, ug pagprebak ng mga ekonomikong kalisis ug insidente sa seguridad. Ang pagkawalay pagsunod sa mga prinsipyo sa pilihan o insufisyanse sa pagmantala maaaring madaling resulta sa overload sa cable, sobrang mainit, pagmatuman sa insulation, short circuit, ug mga panganak sa sunog.

(II) Solusyon

2.1 Siyentipikong Prinsipyo sa Pilihan
Ang pilihan sa kable dili lang batasan sa load requirements apan nanginahanglan og komprehensibo ug multi-dimensional nga pag-consider. Ang core nga mga prinsipyo mao kini:

Match sa Load Current: Ang primary nga consideration mao ang continuous nga operating load current value. Ang line current kinahanglan nga accurate nga icompute batas sa mga factor sama sa power consumption sa equipment, starting current (pag-consider sa frequency ug duration sa pagstart), ug ang design maximum current sa sistema. Ang rated current-carrying capacity sa gipili nga kable kinahanglan nga mas taas o equal sa computed nga current value, ug ang appropriate nga cross-sectional area sa conductor kinahanglan nga ipili batas sa relevant nga national/industry standards (e.g., GB/T 12706, IEC 60502, etc.). Ang overload operation strictly prohibited.
Ambient Temperature Correction: Ang ambient temperature may malaking impact sa ampacity sa kable.

High-Temperature Environments: Tama na ang hot workshops, tropical regions, areas nga may concentrated cable trays/ladder racks, o near heat sources. Ang rated ampacity kinahanglan nga derated gamit ang appropriate nga correction factor (usual nga less than 1) para sa temperatura. Priority dapat ibutang sa cables nga may high-temperature-resistant insulation materials (e.g., cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) mas resistant sa heat kay PVC) o cables nga may mas taas nga rated temperature.
Low-Temperature Environments: Ang low temperatures maaari mopas lambo sa material, nag-affect sa installation ug bending performance. Ang resistance grade sa cable sa low-temperature kinahanglan nga consideron sa pilihan.

Installation Method ug Heat Dissipation Conditions:

Pagdistingir sa installation sa air (exposed, trays/ladder racks, conduits), direct burial sa soil, conduit installation, o bundled installation.
Ang different nga mga methods sa installation may malaking difference sa capability sa heat dissipation, direktang nakaimpluwensiya sa ampacity. Para sa buried cables, kinahanglan nga consideron ang thermal resistivity sa soil ug depth sa burial; dense bundling significantly reduces ampacity ug kinahanglan nga consulton ang ampacity tables para sa specific nga method sa installation o applyon ang derating factors. Priority dapat ibutang sa methods nga conducive sa heat dissipation o allow larger margins.

Voltage Level Matching: Ang rated voltage sa kable (e.g., 0.6/1kV, 8.7/15kV, etc.) kinahanglan nga mas taas o equal sa operating voltage sa sistema plus any possible transient overvoltages aron masiguro ang sapat nga insulation strength.
Insulation Type ug Sheath Material:

Insulation Material: Selected batas sa temperature rating, mechanical strength, dielectric properties, ug flame retardancy (e.g., Low Smoke Zero Halogen - LSZH).
Sheath Material: Kinahanglan nga suitable sa environmental demands:

General Environment: PVC, PE, etc.
High Mechanical Protection Requirement: Armored cables (steel tape, steel wire armor).
Corrosion Resistance (e.g., chemical plants, salt spray areas): Non-magnetic metal armor (e.g., aluminum alloy tape) o special anti-corrosion sheaths.
Flame Retardant/Fire Resistant: Select flame-retardant cables of appropriate levels (ZA, ZB, ZC, etc.) o fire-resistant cables (e.g., Mineral Insulated - MI).
UV Resistance: Para sa outdoor use o direct sunlight exposure, materials resistant to UV (e.g., black weather-resistant PVC/PE) essential.

Short-Circuit Current Requirements: Ang kable kinahanglan nga molihok sa thermal effects generated sa system's maximum possible short-circuit current sa iyang duration without damage. Calculation of the short-circuit thermal withstand current required to select a cable with sufficient cross-section or to implement other protective measures.

2.2 Systematic Maintenance Management Methods
Regular, targeted maintenance inspections key to identifying hidden risks early and preventing escalation. Main methods include:

Periodic Infrared Thermographic Inspection (Cyclic Patrols):

Core Objective: Non-contact accurate detection of abnormal temperature rises at critical connection points like joints, terminations, connectors, and cable ends.
Frequency: Recommended quarterly to semi-annually for critical areas and heavily loaded lines; at least annually for general areas; increase frequency before/after major events or during peak temperature seasons.
Advantage: Early detection of hidden faults like poor connections, overloads, phase imbalance, etc., preventing fire hazards.

Environmental Suitability Check:

Humid/Corrosive Environments: Focus on inspecting the integrity of the cable outer sheath (especially at joints) for damage, aging, or cracking. Inspect termination sealing and junction box waterproofing. Use specialized sealants or waterproof joints if necessary.
Mechanical Damage Risk Areas: Inspect cable outer sheath for scratches, crushing, or pressure from sharp objects; check the stability of trays/ladder racks and supports; inspect for signs of unauthorized excavation or heavy machinery over buried sections.

Insulation Performance Monitoring and Diagnostics (Preventive Testing):

Regular Insulation Resistance Testing: Use a megger to measure insulation resistance between phases and to ground to identify significant deterioration or moisture ingress.
Dielectric Loss Factor (Tanδ) or Partial Discharge Testing (for MV/HV Cables): More advanced diagnostic tools to assess insulation aging and potential defects. Conduct per scheduled intervals mandated by regulations.

Lifecycle Management and Replacement Strategy:

Recording and Analysis: Maintain detailed cable records (model, length, installation date, location, historical test data, repair history).
Assessing Aging State: Evaluate the overall cable aging status considering service life, load history, environmental conditions, and historical test data (insulation resistance, Tanδ, partial discharge, etc.).
Preventive Replacement: Develop planned replacement strategies for important circuit cables nearing design life or assessed to be in poor aging condition, avoiding passive failures causing greater losses.

Storage and Spare Management:

Storage Conditions: Spare cables should be stored indoors in cool, dry, and well-ventilated warehouses.
Avoid Direct Sunlight: Prolonged exposure to sunlight must be strictly prohibited to prevent UV degradation causing sheath and insulation aging, cracking, or embrittlement (especially significant for PVC). Outdoor temporary storage requires covering with a light-blocking tarp.
Proper Storage: Avoid haphazard stacking, heavy loads, or tight-radius bends to prevent mechanical damage and deformation. Ensure cable ends remain well-sealed.

(III) Key Implementation Points

Develop Detailed Procedures: Formalize the above selection principles and maintenance methods into this project's "Cable Selection Technical Specifications" and "Cable System Maintenance Procedures".
Personnel Training: Ensure engineers, procurement personnel, and maintenance electricians understand and strictly adhere to selection principles and maintenance methods, particularly temperature correction factors, IR scan interpretation, and sealing inspection requirements.
Establish Records: Maintain complete archives for each critical cable route, tracking selection basis, installation records, test data, and maintenance logs.
Provide Tools: Equip maintenance personnel with necessary tools and instruments (e.g., IR camera, megger, logbooks).
Closed-Loop Management: Promptly report, assess, and repair issues found during inspections; document and analyze root causes, continuously improving management measures.

(IV) Expected Outcomes
Through strict adherence to scientific selection principles and the implementation of systematic maintenance management:

Significantly enhance system reliability: Minimize cable failures caused by improper selection or poor maintenance.
Extend service life: Slow down insulation aging, fully realizing the design life potential of cables.
Safeguard personnel and property safety: Effectively prevent electrical shock and fire risks caused by cable overheating, short circuits, etc.
Optimize operating costs: Reduce costs associated with emergency repairs, production downtime, and expensive cable replacements.
Comply with regulations and standards: Meet relevant national and industry safety regulations for electrical equipment operation management.

This plan combines meticulous front-end selection with comprehensive lifecycle management throughout the back-end, establishing a continuous security assurance system for electrical cables.

07/31/2025

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