Schema Implementationis pro Installatione Fulminis Arrestorum vel Transformerum Voltage in Unitatibus Principalibus Circulantis Isolatis Gas
Secundum insulam typum, ring main unitae (RMUs) distinguuntur in gas-insulatas vel aer-insulatas. Priora praebent primarios circuitus componentes in clauso metallico continente repleto gase subpressurae (praecipue SF₆ vel mixtis gasibus) ut insulantem medium, adhibentes terminales cabei pro lineis ingressu et egressu. Propter excellentiam insulae, magnitudinem compactam, et designum modulare, frequentissime adhibentur in 10kV externis distributionibus substationibus et prefabricatis transformer stationibus. Tamen, natura illorum totaliter insulata et compacta limitat applicabilitatem in quibusdam typicis dispositionibus substationum.
1 Quaestiones cum Gas-Insulatis RMUs
Figura 1 ostendit typicam distributionis substationis designum, ubi combinatio commutator-circuitus fusibilis cabineti requirit fulgurparatum, et cabinetum transformatoris voltage (VT) requirit duo 10/0.1/0.22kV cast resin VTs. Si projecta eligunt gas-insulatas RMUs sicut Schneider’s RM6 vel ABB’s Safenng, designum requirementa non potest plene impleri.
1.1 Difficultas Installandi Fulgurparatos in Load Switch-Fuse Cabinetis
Pro load switch ingressu/egressu cabinetis, ambae marcae praebent sufficientem spatiolum cabei cum Type-C bushings (IEC 60137-compliant), permittentes insertiones T-typus cabei accessoriorum et insertiones fulgurparatorum. In load switch-fuse cabinetis:
- Safenng: Fuses horizontaliter dispositi (Figura 2) servabant spatium cabei, permittens insertionem fulgurparatorum.
- RM6: Fuses verticaliter dispositi (Figura 3) occupabant spatium cabei, cum Type-A bushings limitantes accessoriorum ad elbowed/straight types. Nullum spatium existit pro insertione fulgurparatorum, et nulli parati mercato fulgurparatorum compatibiles cum elbowed/straight accessoribus sunt disponibiles.
1.2 Difficultas Installandi VTs in VT Cabinetis
Standard VT cabinetis requirunt tres HV fusus unitates et duos singulorum VTs in V-connectio configuratione (dual-winding, 10/0.1kV pro mensura, 10/0.22kV pro supply; ≥1000VA secundaria output). Aer-insulatas RMUs (sicut Schneider SM6) praebent abundantem spatium (500×840×950mm). Contrariwise, gas-insulatas RMUs habent compacta cabei compartimenta (~400×350×700mm), insufficiens pro cabei accessoribus, connectionibus cabei, expositis fusi, VTs, vel 125mm phase-to-phase/ground clearance.
Fabricantes saepe addunt vacuum cabinetum iuxta load switch cabinetum ad habitandum VTs et fusus, connectentes eos per cabei. Tamen, hoc compromittit:
- Securitatem VT maintenance propter absentiam mechanicarum interlock.
- Compactness et aesthetica externarum stationum.
2 Solutiones Installationis Fulgurparatorum
2.1 Omitting Fulgurparatos
DL/T 620-1997 Overvoltage Protection and Insulation Coordination for AC Electrical Installations mandat fulgurparatos pro cabei >50m connectis ad overhead lineas. Pro ≤50m cabei, fulgurparatos possunt installari ad unum tantum extremum. Tamen, standard non explicitim requirit fulgurparatos in plug-in cable heads 10kV gas-insulatas RMUs.
Modernae urbane aedificia praebent extensas fulgur protectiones retia, reducendo fulgur strike risks. Overhead cabei connections rarae sunt in urbibus, faciendo directos fulgur surges ad cabei cores improbabiles. International practices (sicut T-type fulgurparatorum accessorii) saepe omittere in urbibus. Gas-insulatas RMUs in Zhejiang Province operant securiter annis sine fulgurparatis. Ergo, fulgurparatos possunt omitteri pro urbanis gas-insulatis RMU substationibus.
2.2 Fulgurparatorum Selection Criteria
Pro suburbano/rurali gridis cum overhead-connected cabei >50m, fulgurparatos debeant installari. Pro puris load switch unitis, pleraque producta sufficiunt. Pro load switch-fuse unitis, specificta sit horizontaliter dispositi fusus ad reservandum spatium fulgurparatorum, evitando retrofitting issues.
3 Solutiones Installationis Voltage Transformer
VT cabinet miniaturization requiret solvendum electrical insulation et spatial constraints.
3.1 Solvens Electrical Insulation
Utendi standard fuses/VTs ab aer-insulatis RMUs in gas-insulatis compartimentis violat clearance standards. Solutio est adoptare insulation-compliant components, sicut JSZV16-10R VT. Characteristica includunt:
- Integrata American-style cabei accessorii pro tota insulata.
- Inbuilt replaceable fusus ad HV terminales.
- Rated voltage: 10/0.1/0.22kV.
Wiring configuratio:
- Load switch latus: European-style tangibile T-typus accessorii.
- VT latus: American-style 20kV tangibile elbow accessorii (compatibiles cum VT fusus).
- Figura 4 ostendit VT et American-style accessorii.
Omnia componenta sunt tota insulata et tangibilia. Limitatio est JSZV16-10R VT magnitudo (designata pro compactorum externorum RMUs), restricta 220V output ad ≤2×400VA—sufficientia pro DC battery charging et illuminatione.
3.2 Solvens Spatial Constraints
Validata dispositiones confirmant insufficiens spatium pro VTs cum cabei accessoribus. Duas solutiones fuerunt testatae:
- Top-mounted VT box: Externi cabei et insecures VT maintenance (violating interlocks).
- Bottom-mounted VT base (implementata):
- Extendit cabei compartimentum deorsum.
- Altitudine: 400mm, compatibile cum 700mm-altis cabei compartimentis.
- Permittit mechanicam interlocking pro maintenance.
Result: Hoc designo securitas installationis et maintenance conservatur, dum conservatur gas-insulata RMU compactness.
