I. Allowable TemperatureWhen a transformer is in operation, its windings and iron core generate copper loss and iron loss. These losses are converted into heat energy, causing the temperature of the transformer's iron core and windings to rise. If the temperature exceeds the allowable value for a long time, the insulation will gradually lose its mechanical elasticity and age.The temperature of each part of the transformer during operation is different: the winding temperature is the highest, fol

1. Definition of Condition-Based MaintenanceCondition-based maintenance refers to a maintenance method where decisions on whether and how to perform maintenance are determined based on the real-time operating status and health condition of equipment. It has no fixed maintenance methods or schedules. The prerequisite for condition-based maintenance is the establishment of equipment parameters and the comprehensive analysis of various operational information of the equipment, so as to make reasona

Traction Rectifier TransformersRated capacity: 800 to 4400 kVA; Voltage class: 10 kV and 35 kV; Rectifier pulse number: 12-pulse and 24-pulse. Compared with 12-pulse rectifier circuits, 24-pulse rectifier circuits can reduce the harmonic pollution of the power grid by 50%, and no filtering equipment is needed at this location. It is suitable for power supply systems of urban subways and rail transit.Excitation Rectifier TransformersRated capacity: 315 to 3000 × 3 kVA; Voltage class: 10 kV, 13.8

Operating Conditions in National Standard GB 6450-1986Ambient temperature: Maximum ambient temperature: +40°C Daily average maximum temperature: +30°C Annual average maximum temperature: +20°C Minimum temperature: -30°C (outdoor); -5°C (indoor) Horizontal axis: Product load; Vertical axis: Average coil temperature rise in Kelvin (note: not in Celsius).For Class H insulation products, the long-term temperature resistance of insulation materials is stipulated by the state as 180°C. However, the in

This report is based on the analysis of one-day power quality monitoring data of your company's distribution system. The data shows that there is significant three-phase current harmonic distortion in the system (with a high total harmonic distortion of current, THDi). In accordance with international standards (IEC/IEEE), harmonic currents at this level have posed substantial risks to the safe, reliable, and economical operation of the power supply transformer, mainly manifested in additional h

In electrical control systems, AC contactors are among the commonly used electrical components, and they are also a common source of various electrical faults. After long-term use—especially in harsh environments with high levels of dust—AC contactors may sometimes emit squeaking or rattling noises after being pulled in and held. The causes of this phenomenon are analyzed as follows.Squeaking Noise After Pull-In and HoldingA fully functional AC contactor makes no noise when energized and pulled

Ⅰ. Equipment Operation & MaintenanceIntelligent Monitoring System Integration​Multi-parameter Real-time Monitoring: Embedded sensors (temperature, displacement, Hall effect current sensors) track contact temperature rise, mechanical characteristics (opening/closing speed, overtravel), coil current, and partial discharge signals. Data undergoes preprocessing via edge computing prior to cloud upload.​Lifetime Prediction Model: Dynamically evaluates remaining lifespan using electrical wear data

I.Core Challenges in Outdoor Installation​In high-voltage transmission and distribution systems, SF6 circuit breakers are exposed to complex outdoor environments for extended periods, facing the following critical issues:​Pollution & Insulation Degradation​Dust, salt fog, and industrial pollutants in outdoor environments easily adhere to equipment surfaces. In coastal or industrial areas, pollution levels may reach ​Class IV, resulting in insufficient creepage distance and triggering ​flasho

12kV Indoor Vacuum Circuit Breaker Southeast Asia Solution: Anti-Corrosion Compact DesignⅠ. Executive Summary​Southeast Asia faces rapidly growing electricity demand alongside environmental challenges including high temperatures, humidity, salt spray corrosion, and grid instability. This solution recommends ​Solid Insulated Pole-Mounted Vacuum Circuit Breakers (VCB)​​ featuring ​high reliability, ​compact design, and ​smart monitoring. Tailored for tropical climates and industrial scenarios, it