Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

A Low-Pressure Sodium Vapor lamp (or LPSV lamp) is termed as a “miscellaneous discharge lamp” as it possesses some characteristics of High-Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps as well as it resembles fluorescent lamps in other areas.Basically, an LPSV lamp is a gas discharge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light. A typical LPSV lamp is shown in the figure below. The constructional features of the LPSV lamp are given below: The outer envelope is made from borosilicate glass. The i

Resistance in series refers to the arrangement of individual resistors end to end in a circuit so that the current flows through each resistor. In this configuration, the total resistance (R) of the circuit is equal to the sum of the individual resistances, also known as the equivalent R.To calculate the total R in a series circuit, the individual resistances of each resistor are added together. The formula to calculate the equivalent resistance in a series connection is Rtotal = R1 + R2 + R3 +

Ahigh pressure sodium vapor lampis a type of gas-discharge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light. It is one of the most efficient types of lighting sources and has a long lifespan. It is widely used for industrial lighting and outdoor security areas, such as parking lots and roadways.What is a High Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamp?A high pressure sodium vapor lamp is defined as a lamp that operates at a high pressure (above 1 atm) and temperature (above 1000 °C) inside a transluce

A lamp is a device that produces illumination by using a wick soaked in combustible material or other light-producing instruments such as gas and electric lamps. Lamps were invented at least as early as 70,000 BCE and have evolved over time to use different materials and designs. In this article, we will explore the various types of materials that are used to build a lamp, and their properties and functions.What is a Lamp Material?A lamp material is any substance that is used to construct a lamp

A xenon arc lamp is a type of gas discharge lamp that produces light by passing electricity through ionized xenon gas at high pressure. Xenon arc lamps have a smooth emission curve in the ultraviolet to the visible spectrum, with characteristic wavelengths emitted from 750 to 1000 nm. They produce a bright white light that closely mimics natural sunlight, which extends their applications into various fields such as film, daylight simulation, solar testing, and research. Xenon arc lamps can be di

A metal halide lamp is a type of high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp that produces light by an electric arc through a gaseous mixture of vaporized mercury and metal halides. Metal halides are compounds of metals with bromine or iodine. Metal halide lamps have high luminous efficacy, color rendition, and long lifespan. They are widely used for general lighting purposes both indoors and outdoors, such as commercial, industrial, and public spaces, parking lots, sports arenas, factories, and retail

Street lighting design is the design of street lighting such that people can safely continue their travels on the road. Street lighting schemes never brings the same appearance of daylight, but provide sufficient light for people to see important objects required for traversing the road. Street lighting plays an important role in: Reducing the risk of night-time accidents Assisting in the protection of buildings/property (discouraging vandalism) Discouraging crime Creating a secure environment f

Tunnel lighting is necessary to solve the problem of abrupt adaptability of the environment inside the tunnel. It is necessary to balance the adaptability of the inside and outside luminance for the person entering or exiting the tunnel. This design is based on certain critical length of the tunnel.Why Tunnel Lighting is Needed? At night a tunnel may be lighted in such a way that it would be similar to a stretch of open road. Again the visual performance and visual comfort aspects of thetunnel l

General Interior Lighting in Past and PresentWe know electric lighting in the early days when school rooms, offices and other general work areas were lighted by prismatic or translucent globes. These were suspended from the ceiling and housing incandescent lamps in such a way that such units provided lumens both directly and indirectly to the work plane. It happened through reflections from the room surfaces. Again the Glass enclosing globes were widely used to have high luminance. Thus this lig

Flood lighting is a type of artificial lighting that uses high-intensity, broad-beamed light sources to illuminate large areas such as outdoor playing fields, stadiums, buildings, monuments, landscapes, and other architectural features. Flood lighting can create dramatic effects, enhance visibility, improve safety and security, and provide aesthetic appeal.In this article, we will explain what flood lighting is, how it works, what are its main characteristics and types, and what are its applicat