Bayanin Tattalin Aiki da PV-ESS na Gida

A cikin harsuna na duniya da take yake da gurbin jiki da kuma zafiya, gwamnatin duka duniya suna zama su taimaka masu bincike da fadada aiki a wurare mutanen. Amfani da wuri mai shirya PV a cikin gidaje, wanda ya zama muhimmanci a karni na biyu na tattalin arziki, ta samu matsaloli. Amma abubuwa kamar sayayi na shirya PV da kuma adadin da ke sahihi a yi amfani da yanayi na zafi, zai iya shiga maimaita ga amfani da karamin jiki a cikin gidaje. Saboda haka, don in taimaka wajen inganta tsarin aiki da kuma inganta aiki, an bukata tsari na taimakawa wajen inganta shirya da ma'adi. Wannan makaranta, a cikin PV-energy storage systems, ya bincika tsarin taimakawa wajen inganta aiki da kuma bayyana halitta da za su iya amfani da mutanen.

1 Bincike Tsarin Aiki da Koyarwa

Tsarin PV-energy storage system (Figure 1) na da PV modules, batte nan lithium-ion, power converters, grid, da kuma user loads. Shiryan PV ta shirya DC bus voltage a kan Boost converter. Batte nan lithium-ion ta haɗa zuwa bus na DC a kan Buck-Boost converter. Bus na DC ta shirya energy zuwa grid ko kuma ake amfani da ita a kan full-bridge inverter.

An sanya aiki na "self-generation and self-consumption". Shiryan PV, wanda ya zama shirya mafi, ya haɗa zuwa user loads. Iya kadan/naɓo PV ta zama da batte (shirya na biyu); idan PV da batte ta shafu, grid (shirya na uku) ta taimaka da shirya daidai.

Idan P_PV < P_PV-min}, Boost converter ta fito (babu shirya); ba haka, ta yi aiki. Batte ta stop ci khi SOC > 90% da kuma discharge khi SOC < 10%. P_bat ta canza da P_PV da kuma P_load, kamar 0 zuwa maximum charging power. Don in ƙara charge-discharge oscillations, tsari na biyu ta neman da tsari na farko, don in ƙara ƙasance-rubuce da aiki.

Basa, an buƙata alamar taimakawa wajen inganta aiki na PV-storage systems, kamar yadda aka bayyarta a Figure 2.

2 Bincike Tsarin Aiki da Energy Flow

Kamar yadda aka bayyarta a alamar taimakawa, tsarin aiki ta zama independent da kuma grid-connected, kila ɗaya ta zama:

2.1 Independent Operation (By Main Power)

Na biyu sub-modes, kamar yadda PV module ya haɗa zuwa DC bus:

• PV-Driven Mode

• PV as main power; Boost runs in CV mode to stabilize DC bus.

• Inverter works in independent inversion for load supply.

• If PV power > load + battery charge power, Buck-Boost uses Buck mode to charge the battery; else, Buck-Boost idles.

• Trigger: PV output > load, battery not full.

• Logic:

• Battery-Driven Mode

• Battery as main power; Buck-Boost runs in Boost mode to stabilize DC bus.

• Inverter uses independent inversion for load supply.

• If PV has weak output, Boost operates in MPPT mode; if no PV output, Boost idles.

• Trigger: PV output < load, battery has remaining capacity.

• Logic:

2.2 Grid-Connected Operation (By Inverter State)

Split by whether the inverter is in inversion or rectification:

• Grid-Connected Inversion

• Inverter uses grid-connected inversion to stabilize DC bus, feeding excess energy to the grid.

• Boost runs in MPPT mode to maximize power output.

• Buck-Boost idles.

• Trigger: PV output > load, battery fully charged.

• Logic:

• Grid-Connected Rectification

• Inverter uses grid-connected rectification to stabilize DC bus.

• Buck-Boost runs in Buck mode to charge the battery until SOC > 90%.

• If PV has weak output, Boost uses MPPT mode; if no PV output, Boost idles.

• Trigger: PV output < load, battery insufficient (both primary/secondary power hit limits).

• Logic:

2.3 Mode Boundaries & Coordination

The 4 sub-modes’ trigger conditions and equipment coordination are detailed in Table 1 (to be added). Through dynamic switching of “PV-battery-grid” power and adaptive control of Boost/Buck-Boost converters and the inverter, the system enables efficient energy flow in “generation-storage-consumption”, covering all household power needs (off-grid, grid-connected, emergency, etc.).

Figure 3(a) shows the waveform for Mode 1: PV output = 4.8 kW, load = 3 kW. The PV module outputs 240 Vdc; the Boost converter stabilizes the DC bus at 480 Vdc. The inverter runs in independent inversion (220 Vac for loads), and the Buck-Boost works in Buck mode (1.8 kW to charge the battery). Waveforms (top to bottom): PV output current, DC bus voltage, inverter output voltage, and battery charging current.

Figure 3(b) corresponds to Mode 2: PV output = 5 kW (battery full, so Buck-Boost is off). Load = 3 kW; the inverter uses grid-connected inversion to keep the DC bus at 480 Vdc, feeding excess energy to the grid (9 A, synchronized with grid voltage). Waveforms: PV output current, DC bus voltage, inverter output voltage, and grid-connected current.

Figure 3(c) shows Mode 3: The PV module hits limits (no output, Boost off). The energy storage unit powers the system; the Buck-Boost runs in Boost mode (DC bus = 480 Vdc). The inverter uses independent inversion (220 Vac for 3-kW loads). Waveforms: Battery discharge current, DC bus voltage, and inverter output voltage. Figure 3(d) presents Mode 4: Both PV and energy storage hit limits (no output). The grid powers loads (3 kW) and charges the battery; the inverter uses grid-connected rectification (DC bus = 480 Vdc).

3. Conclusion (Street-lamp Maintenance)

Current urban street-lamp maintenance has shortcomings. To improve, focus on four areas:

• Broaden funding for sufficient maintenance budgets.

• Strengthen publicity/inspections to resolve issues timely.

• Promote green lighting to cut costs and boost efficiency.

• Establish standardized management systems for uniform operations.

These steps will enhance street-lamp management efficiency, supporting smart city operations and green development.