Lêgerîna Serdemiyên Danayî û Teknolojîya Kontrolya Ezbixasî ya Cihên Baxtarûna Bexwestanê Berbasisa Darçînan SF₆ Bi Dara Yekî

Bijî rozhîna çarçoveya elektrîkê û pêşketinên navberan dergînandina rêzikê, pirantiya elektrîkî bi tenzîlî ya bilind de hatiye naverokandin di sisteman elektrîkê de. Weha ke pirantiya SF₆ circuit breaker tenzîlî yên bijî ji bo serbestkirina û qevetkirina rêzan û çêt kirina çarçoveya serbixweyî yên sistemê bila herêmî ye. Li gor reyakirina weha, tevkerdina daşne û xebitkirina arka, SF₆ circuit breakers bi serkeftin di sahên ultra-high voltage û extra-high voltage de kar anîn.

Lê, di dema karûbarê derdî de, SF₆ circuit breaker tenzîlî yên bijî li gerdî çend şertên ku hewce dikin, wese yekem war û karkerdina wan, veqetandina sereca wergerî û çewtandina serderketina. Karkerdina mala dergînan bila destniyariye ye bi taybetmendiya operasyonê û karkirina wan bila herêmî. Karkerdina mala dergînan ne di taybetmendiyên elektrîk û mekanîk de ne, lê di barkirina gazê SF₆ de ne, ku teknikî û ewlekariyê ye û risikan ên herêmîyan dike.

Tezmada di cihanên karkerdina mala dergînan de, li gor cihanê komplike û guherand, pirantiya zorav û taybetmendiyên karkerên din, çendî ewlekariyên herêmîyan dikarin berend. Mîsala, rewşa zehrengirtina dike bi çewtandina gazê SF₆, ewlekariyên elektrîk tenzîlî, û ewlekariyên mekanîk. Ewlekariyên wan ne di taybetmendiya karkerên karkerdina herêmîyan de ne, lê di taybetmendiya operasyonê û karkirina rêzikê de ne.

Bi vê yekê, birkarê derxistina analîzê nînî yên hazard points di cihanên karkerdina mala dergînan de yên SF₆ circuit breaker tenzîlî yên bijî û karkerdina teknolojiyên kontrolê taybetmendiya bila herêmîyan dike. Vê li gor taybetmendiya karkerên karkerdina, pêvekirina efektiv û kaliteya karkerdina, û taybetmendiya operasyonê û karkirina rêzikê bila herêmîyan ye.

1 Analîzên Hazard Points di Cihanên Karkerdina Mala Dergînan de li Ser SF₆ Circuit Breaker Tenzîlî yên Bijî

Li gor rozhîna çarçoveya elektrîkê, SF₆ circuit breaker tenzîlî yên bijî bi taybetmendiyên elektrîk û mekanîkî yên mir derbarandîn di sisteman elektrîkê de anîn. Lâkin, di dema karûbarê pirantiya de, li gor faktoran ku ameya jîyan û operasyonê neyîn, malpera û zedkirina taybetmendiya pirantiyek dikare were. Dema ku karkerdina mala dergînan bi rêzikê ya high-voltage, gazên zehrengiran, û taybetmendiyên mekanîk komplike de ye, risikan ên herêmîyan naverokandin.

Karkerdina mala dergînan weha ke bila destniyariye ye ji bo taybetmendiya operasyonê û karkirina pirantiya elektrîk û pêşdebazkirina malperên. Ji bo SF₆ circuit breaker tenzîlî yên bijî, karkerdina mala dergînan bi rêzikê û ilmiya herêmîyan ne dikare tevkerdina pirantiyek bila herêmîyan, lê dikare taybetmendiya pirantiyek bila herêmîyan û malperên potensiyel bikaranîn, ev herêmîyan bila herêmîyan bigire. Buna, taybetmendiya karkerdina mala dergînan bila herêmîyan ye, tevahî taybetmendiya karkerên karkerdina û taybetmendiya operasyonê û karkirina rêzikê bila herêmîyan.

Hazard points di cihanên karkerdina mala dergînan de li ser SF₆ circuit breaker tenzîlî yên bijî bi du aspekta dikin, wek heya Table.

1.1 Risika Elektroşoka

Di cihanên karkerdina mala dergînan de yên SF₆ circuit breaker tenzîlî yên bijî, risika elektroşoka weha ke çendî ewlekariyên herêmîyan dikare were. Elektroşok ne dikare malperên û ewlekariyên herêmîyan bikara, lê dikare ewlekariyên herêmîyan bila herêmîyan bigire. Buna, derdorî ye ku derdorî û analîzên nînî û parastinên risikan ên herêmîyan bike.

Yekem, pirantiya tenzîlî yên bijî di navbera tenzîlê de tenzîla zorava dike. Her dema ku karker pirantiyek live partê biberde, dikare malperên û ewlekariyên herêmîyan bikara. Tezmada di dema karkerdina, qismên pirantiyek dikarin wergerin. Ger operator rastîn pirantiyek biberde, dikare malperên û ewlekariyên herêmîyan bikara. Di navbera pirantiyek de, cihê û pipeline metal dikarin tenzîla induksiyon bikara, ku risikan ên herêmîyan dikare were.

Duêm, cihanê navendî yên substation komplike dike, bi rêzan û pirantiya high- û low-voltage yên zorava û zorave. Navendî yên operasyonê dikarin vêjîrîn ku gereke ne piştrekî kirin, û tenzîla rezidan dikare were. Ger operasyonê neyîn, dikare ewlekariyên herêmîyan bikara.

Sêyem, statik elektrîk di dema karkerdina de dikare were. Tezmada, her dema SF₆ circuit breaker opens û closes, darîka zorava statik dikare were. Ger operator perhezkariyên parastinê ne bike, dikare elektroşok bikara bi statik discharge.

Çarde, faktoran navendî yên jîyan, mîsala cihanê wet û cihanê gelek, dikarin risikan ên herêmîyan bila human body leakage û tenzîla induksiyon bikara, ev risikan ên herêmîyan digerandin.

1.2 Çewtandina Gazê SF₆

Di cihanên karkerdina mala dergînan de yên SF₆ circuit breaker tenzîlî yên bijî, çewtandina gazê SF₆ weha ke çendî ewlekariyên herêmîyan dikare were. SF₆ gas inert gas e. Heta ku li gor xwe ne zehrengir û ne harm, çewtandina large-scale dikare malperên û ewlekariyên herêmîyan bikara.

Yekem, taybetmendiya serderketina SF₆ circuit breaker bila çewtandina gazê ye. Lâkin, di dema karûbarê û karkerdina mala dergînan de, seals dikarin çewtandina small gaps bikara li gor wear û aging, ev dikare çewtandina small amount of SF₆ gas bikara û taybetmendiya serderketina biker. Ger çewtandina ne têne detekt û solut, pointa çewtandina dikare zêde bike, ev dikare çewtandina large-scale SF₆ bikara.

Duêm, di dema karkerdina, operasyonan yên disassembly û assembly yên SF₆ circuit breaker nezîk in. Ev dikare riska serious gas leakage bikara li gor human operational errors. Mîsala, ger SF₆ gas internal ne têne release according to the regulations, û fixation ne têne made, dikare çewtandina large-area bikara.

Sêyem, pas çewtandina SF₆ gas, dikare accumulate in low-lying areas û enclosed spaces û form high-concentration areas. Ger workers accidentally enter these areas, dikare suffocation, poisoning, etc. especially in narrow maintenance site environment, gas accumulation is more severe, and the harm of leakage is amplified.

2 Analîzên Teknolojiyên Kontrola Teybetmendiya Karkerdina Mala Dergînan li Ser SF₆ Circuit Breaker Tenzîlî yên Bijî
2.1 Standardization of Operating Procedures

SF₆ circuit breaker tenzîlî yên bijî weha ke pirantiya mir di sisteman elektrîkê de, û taybetmendiya operasyonê û karkirina wan bila herêmîyan tevahî taybetmendiya û reyakirina rêzikê bila herêmîyan. Ji bo taybetmendiya SF₆ circuit breaker tenzîlî yên bijî di cihanên karkerdina mala dergînan de, pirkar ên herêmîyan ye ji bo standardization of operating procedures for safety control technologies.

Standardization of operating procedures role important dike ji bo taybetmendiya operasyonê û karkirina karkerdina mala dergînan li ser SF₆ circuit breaker tenzîlî yên bijî. Standardized operating procedures not only serve as a standard basis for guiding maintenance work but also provide a fundamental guarantee for preventing various safety risks. Standard operating procedures should not only specify detailed operation steps but also provide clear guidance for all aspects of maintenance management, such as general requirements for qualification review and tool inspection, ensuring that the entire operation process is under reliable control.

In addition, operating procedures should be targeted and operable. Different procedures need to be developed for SF₆ circuit breakers of different voltage levels and models. For different types of maintenance, such as daily inspections and defect repairs, targeted requirements should also be set. The content of the procedures should be clearly expressed and the steps should be concise to facilitate better understanding and implementation by operators.

2.2 Power - off and Grounding Measures

Power - off and grounding measures are key technical links to ensure the safety of substation maintenance operations based on high - voltage SF₆ circuit breakers. They are crucial for preventing serious accidents such as electric shock and static electricity release.

Power - off operations are the primary preparatory work before maintenance. Maintenance personnel must first cut off all possible power sources of the maintenance object and its surrounding areas in accordance with the operating procedures to ensure that the operation area is completely powered off, fundamentally eliminating the risk of live - line work. At the same time, to avoid incomplete power - off due to misoperation, dual measures are usually taken, such as disconnecting the load switch or disconnecting switch and confirming the power - off state through testing, such as using a voltage tester.

For the powered - off maintenance object and its ancillary facilities, reliable grounding is required to avoid induced voltages and static electricity release. By connecting the conductor to the earth potential, induced voltages and static electricity can be released, thus eliminating the hidden danger of electric shock. When grounding, the sequence of "ground first, operate later, evacuate first, and remove later" should be followed to ensure the safety of personnel in each link.

Grounding measures generally need to be reliable and redundant. Special grounding wires should be used to connect to the grounding device. All metal bodies that may be charged should be grounded. At the same time, the grounding wires should have sufficient current - carrying capacity, and the number should be appropriately redundant to avoid single - point failure. For some equipment that cannot be grounded directly, indirect grounding measures such as equipotential bonding or local grounding should be adopted.

2.3 SF₆ Gas Monitoring and Management

The monitoring and management of SF₆ gas are of great importance for ensuring the safety of operations at the substation maintenance site based on high - voltage SF₆ circuit breakers. SF₆ is an inert gas. Although it is non - toxic and harmless in itself, a large - scale leakage can cause serious harm to the environment and human health. Therefore, a complete SF₆ gas monitoring and management system must be established to prevent leakage risks from the source.

Firstly, regularly detect the sealing performance of SF₆ circuit breakers. Use advanced means such as infrared thermal imagers and acoustic detection to accurately identify tiny cracks and leakage points and repair them in a timely manner, and replace the seals to ensure the overall sealing performance of the equipment. At the same time, strictly follow the operating procedures during maintenance disassembly and assembly, and operate with extra caution to avoid serious leakage caused by human error.

Secondly, a comprehensive SF₆ leakage detection system should be deployed in the substation. Fixed or mobile monitoring devices should be installed in the maintenance site and other key areas to monitor the change in SF₆ concentration in real - time. Once an abnormality is detected, the system should issue an alarm in a timely manner. At the same time, the monitoring system should have remote monitoring and data storage functions to enable maintenance personnel to better grasp the on - site situation.

Thirdly, relevant departments should formulate a complete SF₆ gas management system and clarify the handling process when the monitoring values are abnormal. When a certain concentration of SF₆ leakage is detected, relevant personnel should immediately activate the emergency plan, cut off the leakage source in a timely manner, and isolate and evacuate the affected area to prevent further gas diffusion. At the same time, mobilize emergency resources, such as ventilation facilities, to purify the on - site environment as soon as possible.

Finally, strengthening the training and education of maintenance personnel is also an important part of SF₆ gas management. Through training, maintenance personnel can fully understand the hazards of SF₆ leakage and master prevention and response measures. At the same time, organize emergency drills regularly to test the pertinence and operability of the management system and continuously improve it.

3 Conclusion

In high - voltage power systems, SF₆ circuit breakers, as key switching equipment, are crucial for the stable operation of the entire system in terms of safety and reliability. However, due to various potential hazard points during the operation of SF₆ circuit breakers, such as SF₆ gas leakage, high voltage and arcs, mechanical device failures, and conductive part risks, scientific maintenance and strict safety control are of great significance.

This paper studies the hazard points and safety control technologies at the substation maintenance site based on high - voltage SF₆ circuit breakers, which is essential for ensuring the safety of maintenance personnel. In actual operations, maintenance personnel should strictly abide by relevant safety operation regulations and conduct regular safety training and drills to improve their ability to respond to emergencies. At the same time, equipment maintenance units should continuously optimize maintenance processes, improve corresponding measures, and adopt advanced safety technologies to ensure the efficient and safe implementation of maintenance work.

In the future, the research on hazard points and safety control technologies at the substation maintenance site of high - voltage SF₆ circuit breakers will develop towards intelligence, refinement, and environmental friendliness. By introducing advanced technologies and optimizing maintenance processes, the efficiency and safety of maintenance work can be further improved, providing a more reliable guarantee for the stable operation of the power system. Moreover, with the continuous progress and innovation of science and technology, it is reasonable to believe that the future substation maintenance technology for high - voltage SF₆ circuit breakers will be more advanced and perfect.